Abstract
We present a model describing the dark sector (DS) featured by two interactions remaining efficient until late times in the matter-dominated era after recombination: the interaction among dark radiations (DR), and the interaction between a small fraction of dark matter and dark radiation. The dark sector consists of (1) a dominant component cold collisionless DM (DM1), (2) a sub-dominant cold DM (DM2) and (3) a self-interacting DR. When a sufficient amount of DR is ensured and a few percent of the total DM density is contributed by DM2 interacting with DR, this set-up is known to be able to resolve both the Hubble and σ8 tension. In light of this, we propose a scenario which is logically natural and has an intriguing theoretical structure with a hidden unbroken gauge group SU(5)X ⊗ U(1)X. Our model of the dark sector does not introduce any new scalar field, but contains only massless chiral fermions and gauge fields in the ultraviolet (UV) regime. As such, it introduces a new scale (DM2 mass, mDM2) based on the confinement resulting from the strong dynamics of SU(5)X. Both DM2-DR and DR-DR interactions are attributed to an identical long range interaction of U(1)X. We show that our model can address the cosmological tensions when it is characterized by gX = \( \mathcal{O} \)(10−3)–\( \mathcal{O} \)(10−2), mDM2 = \( \mathcal{O} \)(1)–\( \mathcal{O} \)(100) GeV and TDS/TSM ≃ 0.3–0.4 where gX is the gauge coupling of U(1)X and TDS(TSM) is a temperature of the DS (Standard Model sector). Our model explains candidates of DM2 and DR, and DM1 can be any kind of CDM.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
B. Moore, T.R. Quinn, F. Governato, J. Stadel and G. Lake, Cold collapse and the core catastrophe, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 310 (1999) 1147 [astro-ph/9903164] [INSPIRE].
B. Moore et al., Dark matter substructure within galactic halos, Astrophys. J. Lett. 524 (1999) L19 [astro-ph/9907411] [INSPIRE].
S.Y. Kim, A.H.G. Peter and J.R. Hargis, Missing Satellites Problem: Completeness Corrections to the Number of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way are Consistent with Cold Dark Matter Predictions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 211302 [arXiv:1711.06267] [INSPIRE].
M. Boylan-Kolchin, J.S. Bullock and M. Kaplinghat, Too big to fail? The puzzling darkness of massive Milky Way subhaloes, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 415 (2011) L40 [arXiv:1103.0007] [INSPIRE].
A.G. Riess et al., A 2.4% Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant, Astrophys. J. 826 (2016) 56 [arXiv:1604.01424] [INSPIRE].
A.G. Riess et al., Milky Way Cepheid Standards for Measuring Cosmic Distances and Application to Gaia DR2: Implications for the Hubble Constant, Astrophys. J. 861 (2018) 126 [arXiv:1804.10655] [INSPIRE].
V. Bonvin et al., H0LiCOW — V. New COSMOGRAIL time delays of HE 0435–1223: H0 to 3.8 per cent precision from strong lensing in a flat ΛCDM model, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 465 (2017) 4914 [arXiv:1607.01790] [INSPIRE].
S. Birrer et al., H0LiCOW — IX. Cosmographic analysis of the doubly imaged quasar SDSS 1206+4332 and a new measurement of the Hubble constant, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 484 (2019) 4726 [arXiv:1809.01274] [INSPIRE].
C. Heymans et al., CFHTLenS tomographic weak lensing cosmological parameter constraints: Mitigating the impact of intrinsic galaxy alignments, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 432 (2013) 2433 [arXiv:1303.1808] [INSPIRE].
DES collaboration, Dark Energy Survey year 1 results: Cosmological constraints from galaxy clustering and weak lensing, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 043526 [arXiv:1708.01530] [INSPIRE].
HSC collaboration, Cosmology from cosmic shear power spectra with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam first-year data, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jap. 71 (2019) 43 [arXiv:1809.09148] [INSPIRE].
H. Hildebrandt et al., KiDS+VIKING-450: Cosmic shear tomography with optical and infrared data, Astron. Astrophys. 633 (2020) A69 [arXiv:1812.06076] [INSPIRE].
G. Efstathiou, H0 Revisited, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 440 (2014) 1138 [arXiv:1311.3461] [INSPIRE].
W.L. Freedman, Cosmology at a Crossroads, Nature Astron. 1 (2017) 0121 [arXiv:1706.02739] [INSPIRE].
M. Rameez and S. Sarkar, Is there really a ‘Hubble tension’ ?, arXiv:1911.06456 [INSPIRE].
Z. Berezhiani, A.D. Dolgov and I.I. Tkachev, Reconciling Planck results with low redshift astronomical measurements, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 061303 [arXiv:1505.03644] [INSPIRE].
L.A. Anchordoqui et al., IceCube neutrinos, decaying dark matter, and the Hubble constant, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 061301 [Erratum ibid. 94 (2016) 069901] [arXiv:1506.08788] [INSPIRE].
A. Chudaykin, D. Gorbunov and I.I. Tkachev, Dark matter component decaying after recombination: Lensing constraints with Planck data, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 023528 [arXiv:1602.08121] [INSPIRE].
A. Chudaykin, D. Gorbunov and I.I. Tkachev, Dark matter component decaying after recombination: Sensitivity to baryon acoustic oscillation and redshift space distortion probes, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 083508 [arXiv:1711.06738] [INSPIRE].
K. Vattis, S.M. Koushiappas and A. Loeb, Dark matter decaying in the late Universe can relieve the H0 tension, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 121302 [arXiv:1903.06220] [INSPIRE].
K.L. Pandey, T. Karwal and S. Das, Alleviating the H0 and σ8 anomalies with a decaying dark matter model, JCAP 07 (2020) 026 [arXiv:1902.10636] [INSPIRE].
G. Choi, M. Suzuki and T.T. Yanagida, Quintessence Axion Dark Energy and a Solution to the Hubble Tension, Phys. Lett. B 805 (2020) 135408 [arXiv:1910.00459] [INSPIRE].
G. Choi, M. Suzuki and T.T. Yanagida, Degenerate Sub-keV Fermion Dark Matter from a Solution to the Hubble Tension, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 075031 [arXiv:2002.00036] [INSPIRE].
N. Blinov, C. Keith and D. Hooper, Warm Decaying Dark Matter and the Hubble Tension, JCAP 06 (2020) 005 [arXiv:2004.06114] [INSPIRE].
G. Choi, M. Suzuki and T.T. Yanagida, XENON1T Anomaly and its Implication for Decaying Warm Dark Matter, Phys. Lett. B 811 (2020) 135976 [arXiv:2006.12348] [INSPIRE].
V. Poulin, T.L. Smith, T. Karwal and M. Kamionkowski, Early Dark Energy Can Resolve The Hubble Tension, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 221301 [arXiv:1811.04083] [INSPIRE].
P. Agrawal, F.-Y. Cyr-Racine, D. Pinner and L. Randall, Rock ’n’ Roll Solutions to the Hubble Tension, arXiv:1904.01016 [INSPIRE].
K. Dutta, Ruchika, A. Roy, A.A. Sen and M.M. Sheikh-Jabbari, Beyond ΛCDM with low and high redshift data: implications for dark energy, Gen. Rel. Grav. 52 (2020) 15 [arXiv:1808.06623] [INSPIRE].
S. Kumar, R.C. Nunes and S.K. Yadav, Dark sector interaction: a remedy of the tensions between CMB and LSS data, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 576 [arXiv:1903.04865] [INSPIRE].
F. Niedermann and M.S. Sloth, New Early Dark Energy, arXiv:1910.10739 [INSPIRE].
J. Sakstein and M. Trodden, Early Dark Energy from Massive Neutrinos as a Natural Resolution of the Hubble Tension, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 161301 [arXiv:1911.11760] [INSPIRE].
E. Di Valentino, A. Melchiorri, O. Mena and S. Vagnozzi, Interacting dark energy in the early 2020s: A promising solution to the H0 and cosmic shear tensions, Phys. Dark Univ. 30 (2020) 100666 [arXiv:1908.04281] [INSPIRE].
W. Yang, S. Pan, E. Di Valentino, R.C. Nunes, S. Vagnozzi and D.F. Mota, Tale of stable interacting dark energy, observational signatures, and the H0 tension, JCAP 09 (2018) 019 [arXiv:1805.08252] [INSPIRE].
E. Di Valentino, A. Melchiorri, O. Mena and S. Vagnozzi, Nonminimal dark sector physics and cosmological tensions, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 063502 [arXiv:1910.09853] [INSPIRE].
S. Vagnozzi, New physics in light of the H0 tension: An alternative view, Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020) 023518 [arXiv:1907.07569] [INSPIRE].
L. Visinelli, S. Vagnozzi and U. Danielsson, Revisiting a negative cosmological constant from low-redshift data, Symmetry 11 (2019) 1035 [arXiv:1907.07953] [INSPIRE].
M.-X. Lin, G. Benevento, W. Hu and M. Raveri, Acoustic Dark Energy: Potential Conversion of the Hubble Tension, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 063542 [arXiv:1905.12618] [INSPIRE].
G. Alestas, L. Kazantzidis and L. Perivolaropoulos, H0 tension, phantom dark energy, and cosmological parameter degeneracies, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 123516 [arXiv:2004.08363] [INSPIRE].
F. Niedermann and M.S. Sloth, Resolving the Hubble tension with new early dark energy, Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020) 063527 [arXiv:2006.06686] [INSPIRE].
P. Di Bari, S.F. King and A. Merle, Dark Radiation or Warm Dark Matter from long lived particle decays in the light of Planck, Phys. Lett. B 724 (2013) 77 [arXiv:1303.6267] [INSPIRE].
M.A. Buen-Abad, G. Marques-Tavares and M. Schmaltz, Non-Abelian dark matter and dark radiation, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 023531 [arXiv:1505.03542] [INSPIRE].
J. Lesgourgues, G. Marques-Tavares and M. Schmaltz, Evidence for dark matter interactions in cosmological precision data?, JCAP 02 (2016) 037 [arXiv:1507.04351] [INSPIRE].
M. Raveri, W. Hu, T. Hoffman and L.-T. Wang, Partially Acoustic Dark Matter Cosmology and Cosmological Constraints, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 103501 [arXiv:1709.04877] [INSPIRE].
P. Ko, N. Nagata and Y. Tang, Hidden Charged Dark Matter and Chiral Dark Radiation, Phys. Lett. B 773 (2017) 513 [arXiv:1706.05605] [INSPIRE].
F. D’Eramo, R.Z. Ferreira, A. Notari and J.L. Bernal, Hot Axions and the H0 tension, JCAP 11 (2018) 014 [arXiv:1808.07430] [INSPIRE].
P. Ko and Y. Tang, Light dark photon and fermionic dark radiation for the Hubble constant and the structure formation, Phys. Lett. B 762 (2016) 462 [arXiv:1608.01083] [INSPIRE].
C.D. Kreisch, F.-Y. Cyr-Racine and O. Doré, Neutrino puzzle: Anomalies, interactions, and cosmological tensions, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 123505 [arXiv:1902.00534] [INSPIRE].
J. Alcaniz, N. Bernal, A. Masiero and F.S. Queiroz, Light Dark Matter: A Common Solution to the Lithium and H0 Problems, Phys. Lett. B 812 (2021) 136008 [arXiv:1912.05563] [INSPIRE].
P. Ko and Y. Tang, Residual Non-Abelian Dark Matter and Dark Radiation, Phys. Lett. B 768 (2017) 12 [arXiv:1609.02307] [INSPIRE].
M. Gonzalez, M.P. Hertzberg and F. Rompineve, Ultralight Scalar Decay and the Hubble Tension, JCAP 10 (2020) 028 [arXiv:2006.13959] [INSPIRE].
Y. Gu, M. Khlopov, L. Wu, J.M. Yang and B. Zhu, Light gravitino dark matter: LHC searches and the Hubble tension, Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020) 115005 [arXiv:2006.09906] [INSPIRE].
M.A. Buen-Abad, M. Schmaltz, J. Lesgourgues and T. Brinckmann, Interacting Dark Sector and Precision Cosmology, JCAP 01 (2018) 008 [arXiv:1708.09406] [INSPIRE].
Z. Chacko, Y. Cui, S. Hong, T. Okui and Y. Tsai, Partially Acoustic Dark Matter, Interacting Dark Radiation, and Large Scale Structure, JHEP 12 (2016) 108 [arXiv:1609.03569] [INSPIRE].
G.F. Abellan, R. Murgia, V. Poulin and J. Lavalle, Hints for decaying dark matter from S8 measurements, arXiv:2008.09615 [INSPIRE].
S. Heimersheim, N. Schöneberg, D.C. Hooper and J. Lesgourgues, Cannibalism hinders growth: Cannibal Dark Matter and the S8 tension, JCAP 12 (2020) 016 [arXiv:2008.08486] [INSPIRE].
Z. Davari, V. Marra and M. Malekjani, Cosmological constrains on minimally and non-minimally coupled scalar field models, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 491 (2020) 1920 [arXiv:1911.00209] [INSPIRE].
S. Camera, M. Martinelli and D. Bertacca, Does quartessence ease cosmic tensions?, Phys. Dark Univ. 23 (2019) 100247 [arXiv:1704.06277] [INSPIRE].
E. Di Valentino et al., Cosmology Intertwined II: The Hubble Constant Tension, arXiv:2008.11284 [INSPIRE].
E. Di Valentino et al., Cosmology Intertwined III: fσ8 and S8, arXiv:2008.11285 [INSPIRE].
N. Blinov and G. Marques-Tavares, Interacting radiation after Planck and its implications for the Hubble Tension, JCAP 09 (2020) 029 [arXiv:2003.08387] [INSPIRE].
D. Baumann, D. Green, J. Meyers and B. Wallisch, Phases of New Physics in the CMB, JCAP 01 (2016) 007 [arXiv:1508.06342] [INSPIRE].
G. Mangano, G. Miele, S. Pastor, T. Pinto, O. Pisanti and P.D. Serpico, Relic neutrino decoupling including flavor oscillations, Nucl. Phys. B 729 (2005) 221 [hep-ph/0506164] [INSPIRE].
K. Akita and M. Yamaguchi, A precision calculation of relic neutrino decoupling, JCAP 08 (2020) 012 [arXiv:2005.07047] [INSPIRE].
Z. Hou, R. Keisler, L. Knox, M. Millea and C. Reichardt, How Massless Neutrinos Affect the Cosmic Microwave Background Damping Tail, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 083008 [arXiv:1104.2333] [INSPIRE].
S. Bashinsky and U. Seljak, Neutrino perturbations in CMB anisotropy and matter clustering, Phys. Rev. D 69 (2004) 083002 [astro-ph/0310198] [INSPIRE].
G. Choi, C.-T. Chiang and M. LoVerde, Probing Decoupling in Dark Sectors with the Cosmic Microwave Background, JCAP 06 (2018) 044 [arXiv:1804.10180] [INSPIRE].
Z. Chacko, Y. Cui, S. Hong and T. Okui, Hidden dark matter sector, dark radiation, and the CMB, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 055033 [arXiv:1505.04192] [INSPIRE].
C.-P. Ma and E. Bertschinger, Cosmological perturbation theory in the synchronous and conformal Newtonian gauges, Astrophys. J. 455 (1995) 7 [astro-ph/9506072] [INSPIRE].
T. Banks and N. Seiberg, Symmetries and Strings in Field Theory and Gravity, Phys. Rev. D 83 (2011) 084019 [arXiv:1011.5120] [INSPIRE].
K. Nakayama, F. Takahashi and T.T. Yanagida, Number-Theory Dark Matter, Phys. Lett. B 699 (2011) 360 [arXiv:1102.4688] [INSPIRE].
K. Nakayama, F. Takahashi and T.T. Yanagida, Revisiting the Number-Theory Dark Matter Scenario and the Weak Gravity Conjecture, Phys. Lett. B 790 (2019) 218 [arXiv:1811.01755] [INSPIRE].
S. Dimopoulos, S. Raby and L. Susskind, Light Composite Fermions, Nucl. Phys. B 173 (1980) 208 [INSPIRE].
G. ’t Hooft, Naturalness, chiral symmetry, and spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, NATO Sci. Ser. B 59 (1980) 135 [INSPIRE].
N. Arkani-Hamed and Y. Grossman, Light active and sterile neutrinos from compositeness, Phys. Lett. B 459 (1999) 179 [hep-ph/9806223] [INSPIRE].
A. Kamada, M. Yamada and T.T. Yanagida, Unification of the Standard Model and Dark Matter Sectors in [SU(5) × U(1)]4, JHEP 07 (2019) 180 [arXiv:1905.04245] [INSPIRE].
A. Kamada, M. Yamada and T.T. Yanagida, Unification for darkly charged dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020) 015012 [arXiv:1908.00207] [INSPIRE].
S. Tulin, H.-B. Yu and K.M. Zurek, Beyond Collisionless Dark Matter: Particle Physics Dynamics for Dark Matter Halo Structure, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 115007 [arXiv:1302.3898] [INSPIRE].
J.L. Feng, M. Kaplinghat and H.-B. Yu, Sommerfeld Enhancements for Thermal Relic Dark Matter, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 083525 [arXiv:1005.4678] [INSPIRE].
J.L. Feng, M. Kaplinghat, H. Tu and H.-B. Yu, Hidden Charged Dark Matter, JCAP 07 (2009) 004 [arXiv:0905.3039] [INSPIRE].
P. Agrawal, F.-Y. Cyr-Racine, L. Randall and J. Scholtz, Make Dark Matter Charged Again, JCAP 05 (2017) 022 [arXiv:1610.04611] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2010.06892
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Choi, G.j., Yanagida, T.T. & Yokozaki, N. A model of interacting dark matter and dark radiation for H0 and σ8 tensions. J. High Energ. Phys. 2021, 127 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2021)127
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2021)127