Abstract
To realize first-order electroweak phase transition, it is necessary to generate a barrier in the thermal Higgs potential, which is usually triggered by scalar degree of freedom. We instead investigate phase transition patterns in pure fermion extensions of the standard model, and find that additional fermions with mass hierarchy and mixing could develop such a barrier and realize a strongly first-order phase transition in such models. In the Higgs potential with polynomial parametrization, the barrier can be generated in the following two patterns by fermionic reduction effects: (I) positive quadratic term, negative cubic term and positive quartic term or (II) positive quadratic term, negative quartic term and positive higher dimensional term, such as dimensional 6 operator.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
ATLAS collaboration, Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, Phys. Lett. B 716 (2012) 1 [arXiv:1207.7214] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Observation of a New Boson at a Mass of 125 GeV with the CMS Experiment at the LHC, Phys. Lett. B 716 (2012) 30 [arXiv:1207.7235] [INSPIRE].
P. Agrawal, D. Saha, L.-X. Xu, J.-H. Yu and C.P. Yuan, Determining the shape of the Higgs potential at future colliders, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 075023 [arXiv:1907.02078] [INSPIRE].
V.A. Kuzmin, V.A. Rubakov and M.E. Shaposhnikov, On the Anomalous Electroweak Baryon Number Nonconservation in the Early Universe, Phys. Lett. B 155 (1985) 36 [INSPIRE].
A. Kosowsky, M.S. Turner and R. Watkins, Gravitational radiation from colliding vacuum bubbles, Phys. Rev. D 45 (1992) 4514 [INSPIRE].
A. Kosowsky, M.S. Turner and R. Watkins, Gravitational waves from first order cosmological phase transitions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992) 2026 [INSPIRE].
C. Grojean and G. Servant, Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions at the Electroweak Scale and Beyond, Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 043507 [hep-ph/0607107] [INSPIRE].
S.J. Huber and T. Konstandin, Gravitational Wave Production by Collisions: More Bubbles, JCAP 09 (2008) 022 [arXiv:0806.1828] [INSPIRE].
C. Caprini, R. Durrer and G. Servant, The stochastic gravitational wave background from turbulence and magnetic fields generated by a first-order phase transition, JCAP 12 (2009) 024 [arXiv:0909.0622] [INSPIRE].
P. Binetruy, A. Bohe, C. Caprini and J.-F. Dufaux, Cosmological Backgrounds of Gravitational Waves and eLISA/NGO: Phase Transitions, Cosmic Strings and Other Sources, JCAP 06 (2012) 027 [arXiv:1201.0983] [INSPIRE].
C. Caprini et al., Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: Gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions, JCAP 04 (2016) 001 [arXiv:1512.06239] [INSPIRE].
M. Dine, R.G. Leigh, P. Huet, A.D. Linde and D.A. Linde, Comments on the electroweak phase transition, Phys. Lett. B 283 (1992) 319 [hep-ph/9203201] [INSPIRE].
K. Kajantie, M. Laine, K. Rummukainen and M.E. Shaposhnikov, The Electroweak phase transition: A Nonperturbative analysis, Nucl. Phys. B 466 (1996) 189 [hep-lat/9510020] [INSPIRE].
L. Dolan and R. Jackiw, Symmetry Behavior at Finite Temperature, Phys. Rev. D 9 (1974) 3320 [INSPIRE].
M. Pietroni, The Electroweak phase transition in a nonminimal supersymmetric model, Nucl. Phys. B 402 (1993) 27 [hep-ph/9207227] [INSPIRE].
M. Carena, A. Megevand, M. Quirós and C.E.M. Wagner, Electroweak baryogenesis and new TeV fermions, Nucl. Phys. B 716 (2005) 319 [hep-ph/0410352] [INSPIRE].
M. Fairbairn and P. Grothaus, Baryogenesis and Dark Matter with Vector-like Fermions, JHEP 10 (2013) 176 [arXiv:1307.8011] [INSPIRE].
A. Aranda, E. Jiménez and C.A. Vaquera-Araujo, Electroweak phase transition in a model with gauged lepton number, JHEP 01 (2015) 070 [arXiv:1410.7508] [INSPIRE].
D. Egana-Ugrinovic, The minimal fermionic model of electroweak baryogenesis, JHEP 12 (2017) 064 [arXiv:1707.02306] [INSPIRE].
A. Angelescu and P. Huang, Multistep Strongly First Order Phase Transitions from New Fermions at the TeV Scale, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 055023 [arXiv:1812.08293] [INSPIRE].
H. Davoudiasl, I. Lewis and E. Ponton, Electroweak Phase Transition, Higgs Diphoton Rate, and New Heavy Fermions, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 093001 [arXiv:1211.3449] [INSPIRE].
O. Matsedonskyi and G. Servant, High-Temperature Electroweak Symmetry Non-Restoration from New Fermions and Implications for Baryogenesis, JHEP 09 (2020) 012 [arXiv:2002.05174] [INSPIRE].
S.R. Coleman and E.J. Weinberg, Radiative Corrections as the Origin of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Phys. Rev. D 7 (1973) 1888 [INSPIRE].
M. Bando, T. Kugo, N. Maekawa and H. Nakano, Improving the effective potential, Phys. Lett. B 301 (1993) 83 [hep-ph/9210228] [INSPIRE].
M. Bando, T. Kugo, N. Maekawa and H. Nakano, Improving the effective potential: Multimass scale case, Prog. Theor. Phys. 90 (1993) 405 [hep-ph/9210229] [INSPIRE].
L. Chataignier, T. Prokopec, M.G. Schmidt and B. Swiezewska, Single-scale Renormalisation Group Improvement of Multi-scale Effective Potentials, JHEP 03 (2018) 014 [arXiv:1801.05258] [INSPIRE].
S. Weinberg, Effective Gauge Theories, Phys. Lett. B 91 (1980) 51 [INSPIRE].
W. Buchmüller and D. Wyler, Effective Lagrangian Analysis of New Interactions and Flavor Conservation, Nucl. Phys. B 268 (1986) 621 [INSPIRE].
M.K. Gaillard, The Effective One Loop Lagrangian With Derivative Couplings, Nucl. Phys. B 268 (1986) 669 [INSPIRE].
L.-H. Chan, Derivative Expansion for the One Loop Effective Actions With Internal Symmetry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 1199 [INSPIRE].
O. Cheyette, Effective Action for the Standard Model With Large Higgs Mass, Nucl. Phys. B 297 (1988) 183 [INSPIRE].
B. Henning, X. Lu and H. Murayama, How to use the Standard Model effective field theory, JHEP 01 (2016) 023 [arXiv:1412.1837] [INSPIRE].
R. Huo, Standard Model Effective Field Theory: Integrating out Vector-Like Fermions, JHEP 09 (2015) 037 [arXiv:1506.00840] [INSPIRE].
A. Drozd, J. Ellis, J. Quevillon and T. You, The Universal One-Loop Effective Action, JHEP 03 (2016) 180 [arXiv:1512.03003] [INSPIRE].
B. Henning, X. Lu and H. Murayama, One-loop Matching and Running with Covariant Derivative Expansion, JHEP 01 (2018) 123 [arXiv:1604.01019] [INSPIRE].
S.A.R. Ellis, J. Quevillon, T. You and Z. Zhang, Mixed heavy-light matching in the Universal One-Loop Effective Action, Phys. Lett. B 762 (2016) 166 [arXiv:1604.02445] [INSPIRE].
J. Fuentes-Martin, J. Portoles and P. Ruiz-Femenia, Integrating out heavy particles with functional methods: a simplified framework, JHEP 09 (2016) 156 [arXiv:1607.02142] [INSPIRE].
Z. Zhang, Covariant diagrams for one-loop matching, JHEP 05 (2017) 152 [arXiv:1610.00710] [INSPIRE].
S.A.R. Ellis, J. Quevillon, T. You and Z. Zhang, Extending the Universal One-Loop Effective Action: Heavy-Light Coefficients, JHEP 08 (2017) 054 [arXiv:1706.07765] [INSPIRE].
M. Krämer, B. Summ and A. Voigt, Completing the scalar and fermionic Universal One-Loop Effective Action, JHEP 01 (2020) 079 [arXiv:1908.04798] [INSPIRE].
T. Cohen, M. Freytsis and X. Lu, Functional Methods for Heavy Quark Effective Theory, JHEP 06 (2020) 164 [arXiv:1912.08814] [INSPIRE].
S.A.R. Ellis, J. Quevillon, P.N.H. Vuong, T. You and Z. Zhang, The Fermionic Universal One-Loop Effective Action, JHEP 11 (2020) 078 [arXiv:2006.16260] [INSPIRE].
A. Angelescu and P. Huang, Integrating Out New Fermions at One Loop, JHEP 01 (2021) 049 [arXiv:2006.16532] [INSPIRE].
I. Masina, G. Nardini and M. Quirós, Electroweak vacuum stability and finite quadratic radiative corrections, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 035003 [arXiv:1502.06525] [INSPIRE].
R. Jackiw, Functional evaluation of the effective potential, Phys. Rev. D 9 (1974) 1686 [INSPIRE].
J. Fleischer and F. Jegerlehner, Radiative Corrections to Higgs Decays in the Extended Weinberg-Salam Model, Phys. Rev. D 23 (1981) 2001 [INSPIRE].
A. Denner, Techniques for calculation of electroweak radiative corrections at the one loop level and results for W physics at LEP-200, Fortsch. Phys. 41 (1993) 307 [arXiv:0709.1075] [INSPIRE].
W. Loinaz and R.S. Willey, Gauge dependence of lower bounds on the Higgs mass derived from electroweak vacuum stability constraints, Phys. Rev. D 56 (1997) 7416 [hep-ph/9702321] [INSPIRE].
S. Kanemura, Y. Okada, E. Senaha and C.P. Yuan, Higgs coupling constants as a probe of new physics, Phys. Rev. D 70 (2004) 115002 [hep-ph/0408364] [INSPIRE].
S. Actis, A. Ferroglia, M. Passera and G. Passarino, Two-Loop Renormalization in the Standard Model. Part I: Prolegomena, Nucl. Phys. B 777 (2007) 1 [hep-ph/0612122] [INSPIRE].
A. Denner, L. Jenniches, J.-N. Lang and C. Sturm, Gauge-independent \( \overline{MS} \) renormalization in the 2HDM, JHEP 09 (2016) 115 [arXiv:1607.07352] [INSPIRE].
A. Denner and S. Dittmaier, Electroweak Radiative Corrections for Collider Physics, Phys. Rept. 864 (2020) 1 [arXiv:1912.06823] [INSPIRE].
Qing-Hong Cao, Katsuya Hashino, Xuxiang Li, Zhe Ren and Jiang-Hao Yu, in preparation.
M. Chala, C. Krause and G. Nardini, Signals of the electroweak phase transition at colliders and gravitational wave observatories, JHEP 07 (2018) 062 [arXiv:1802.02168] [INSPIRE].
M. Postma and G. White, Cosmological phase transitions: is effective field theory just a toy?, JHEP 03 (2021) 280 [arXiv:2012.03953] [INSPIRE].
D. Croon, O. Gould, P. Schicho, T.V.I. Tenkanen and G. White, Theoretical uncertainties for cosmological first-order phase transitions, JHEP 04 (2021) 055 [arXiv:2009.10080] [INSPIRE].
P.M. Schicho, T.V.I. Tenkanen and J. Österman, Robust approach to thermal resummation: Standard Model meets a singlet, JHEP 06 (2021) 130 [arXiv:2102.11145] [INSPIRE].
S. Bhattacharya, N. Sahoo and N. Sahu, Minimal vectorlike leptonic dark matter and signatures at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 115040 [arXiv:1510.02760] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for vector-like leptons in multilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 052003 [arXiv:1905.10853] [INSPIRE].
Particle Data Group collaboration, Review of Particle Physics, PTEP 2020 (2020) 083C01 [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Constraints on the Higgs boson self-coupling from the combination of single-Higgs and double-Higgs production analyses performed with the ATLAS experiment, Tech. Rep. ATL-PHYS-PROC-2020-114, CERN, Geneva (Dec, 2020), DOI.
K. Fujii et al., Physics Case for the International Linear Collider, arXiv:1506.05992 [INSPIRE].
D. Gonçalves, T. Han, F. Kling, T. Plehn and M. Takeuchi, Higgs boson pair production at future hadron colliders: From kinematics to dynamics, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 113004 [arXiv:1802.04319] [INSPIRE].
J. Chang, K. Cheung, J.S. Lee, C.-T. Lu and J. Park, Higgs-boson-pair production H(→bb-)H(→γγ) from gluon fusion at the HL-LHC and HL-100 TeV hadron collider, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 096001 [arXiv:1804.07130] [INSPIRE].
CLICdp collaboration, Double Higgs boson production and Higgs self-coupling extraction at CLIC, Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020) 1010 [arXiv:1901.05897] [INSPIRE].
M. Cepeda et al., Report from Working Group 2 : Higgs Physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC, CERN Yellow Rep. Monogr. 7 (2019) 221 [arXiv:1902.00134] [INSPIRE].
S. Gopalakrishna and A. Velusamy, Higgs vacuum stability with vectorlike fermions, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 115020 [arXiv:1812.11303] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2103.05688
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Cao, QH., Hashino, K., Li, XX. et al. Electroweak phase transition triggered by fermion sector. J. High Energ. Phys. 2022, 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2022)001
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2022)001