Abstract
New U(1) gauge theories involving Standard Model (SM) fermions typically require additional electroweak fermions for anomaly cancellation. We study the non-decoupling properties of these new fermions, called anomalons, in the Z − Z′ − γ vertex function, reviewing the connection between the full model and the effective Wess-Zumino operator. We calculate the exotic Z → Z′γ decay width in U(1)B−L and U(1)B models, where B and L denote the SM baryon and lepton number symmetries. For U(1)B−L gauge symmetry, each generation of SM fermions is anomaly free and the exotic Z → \( {Z}_{BL}^{\prime}\gamma \) decay width is entirely induced by intragenerational mass splittings. In contrast, for U(1)B gauge symmetry, the existence of two distinct sources of chiral symmetry breaking enables a heavy, anomaly-free set of fermions to have an irreducible contribution to the Z → \( {Z}_B^{\prime}\gamma \) decay width. We show that the current LEP limits on the exotic Z → \( {Z}_B^{\prime}\gamma \) decay are weaker than previously estimated, and low-mass \( {Z}_B^{\prime } \) dijet resonance searches are currently more constraining. We present a summary of the current collider bounds on U(1)B and a projection for a TeraZ factory on the Z → \( {Z}_B^{\prime}\gamma \) exotic decay, and emphasize how the Z → Z′γ decay is emblematic of new anomalous U(1) gauge symmetries.
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Michaels, L., Yu, F. Probing new U(1) gauge symmetries via exotic Z → Z′γ decays. J. High Energ. Phys. 2021, 120 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2021)120
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2021)120