Abstract
We study the freeze-in of gravitationally interacting dark matter in extra dimensions. Focusing on a minimal dark matter candidate that only interacts with the SM via gravity in a five-dimensional model we find that a large range of dark matter and Kaluza-Klein graviton masses can lead to the observed relic density. The preferred values of the masses and the strength of the interaction make this scenario very hard to test in terrestrial experiments. However, significant parts of the parameter space lead to warm dark matter and can be tested by cosmological and astrophysical observations.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Planck collaboration, Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters, Astron. Astrophys. 641 (2020) A6 [Erratum ibid. 652 (2021) C4] [arXiv:1807.06209] [INSPIRE].
M. Garny, M.C. Sandora and M.S. Sloth, Planckian interacting massive particles as dark matter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 101302 [arXiv:1511.03278] [INSPIRE].
M. Garny, A. Palessandro, M.C. Sandora and M.S. Sloth, Theory and phenomenology of Planckian interacting massive particles as dark matter, JCAP 02 (2018) 027 [arXiv:1709.09688] [INSPIRE].
L.H. Ford, Gravitational particle creation and inflation, Phys. Rev. D 35 (1987) 2955 [INSPIRE].
Y. Tang and Y.-L. Wu, On thermal gravitational contribution to particle production and dark matter, Phys. Lett. B 774 (2017) 676 [arXiv:1708.05138] [INSPIRE].
Y. Ema, K. Nakayama and Y. Tang, Production of purely gravitational dark matter, JHEP 09 (2018) 135 [arXiv:1804.07471] [INSPIRE].
N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G.R. Dvali, The hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter, Phys. Lett. B 429 (1998) 263 [hep-ph/9803315] [INSPIRE].
L. Randall and R. Sundrum, A large mass hierarchy from a small extra dimension, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 3370 [hep-ph/9905221] [INSPIRE].
A. de Giorgi and S. Vogl, Dark matter interacting via a massive spin-2 mediator in warped extra-dimensions, JHEP 11 (2021) 036 [arXiv:2105.06794] [INSPIRE].
T.D. Rueter, T.G. Rizzo and J.A.L. Hewett, Gravity-mediated dark matter annihilation in the Randall-Sundrum model, JHEP 10 (2017) 094 [arXiv:1706.07540] [INSPIRE].
A. Carmona, J. Castellano Ruiz and M. Neubert, A warped scalar portal to fermionic dark matter, Eur. Phys. J. C 81 (2021) 58 [arXiv:2011.09492] [INSPIRE].
S. Girmohanta and R. Shrock, Extra-dimensional model of dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 104 (2021) 115021 [arXiv:2109.02670] [INSPIRE].
L.J. Hall, K. Jedamzik, J. March-Russell and S.M. West, Freeze-in production of FIMP dark matter, JHEP 03 (2010) 080 [arXiv:0911.1120] [INSPIRE].
X. Chu, T. Hambye and M.H.G. Tytgat, The four basic ways of creating dark matter through a portal, JCAP 05 (2012) 034 [arXiv:1112.0493] [INSPIRE].
A. Merle, V. Niro and D. Schmidt, New production mechanism for keV sterile neutrino dark matter by decays of frozen-in scalars, JCAP 03 (2014) 028 [arXiv:1306.3996] [INSPIRE].
M. Blennow, E. Fernandez-Martinez and B. Zaldivar, Freeze-in through portals, JCAP 01 (2014) 003 [arXiv:1309.7348] [INSPIRE].
R.T. Co, F. D’Eramo, L.J. Hall and D. Pappadopulo, Freeze-in dark matter with displaced signatures at colliders, JCAP 12 (2015) 024 [arXiv:1506.07532] [INSPIRE].
A.G. Hessler, A. Ibarra, E. Molinaro and S. Vogl, Probing the scotogenic FIMP at the LHC, JHEP 01 (2017) 100 [arXiv:1611.09540] [INSPIRE].
N. Bernal et al., The dawn of FIMP dark matter: a review of models and constraints, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 32 (2017) 1730023 [arXiv:1706.07442] [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger et al., micrOMEGAs5.0: freeze-in, Comput. Phys. Commun. 231 (2018) 173 [arXiv:1801.03509] [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger et al., LHC-friendly minimal freeze-in models, JHEP 02 (2019) 186 [arXiv:1811.05478] [INSPIRE].
K. Jedamzik, M. Lemoine and G. Moultaka, Gravitino, axino, Kaluza-Klein graviton warm and mixed dark matter and reionisation, JCAP 07 (2006) 010 [astro-ph/0508141] [INSPIRE].
P. Bode, J.P. Ostriker and N. Turok, Halo formation in warm dark matter models, Astrophys. J. 556 (2001) 93 [astro-ph/0010389] [INSPIRE].
R. Barkana, Z. Haiman and J.P. Ostriker, Constraints on warm dark matter from cosmological reionization, Astrophys. J. 558 (2001) 482 [astro-ph/0102304] [INSPIRE].
N. Bernal, A. Donini, M.G. Folgado and N. Rius, Kaluza-Klein FIMP dark matter in warped extra-dimensions, JHEP 09 (2020) 142 [arXiv:2004.14403] [INSPIRE].
N. Bernal, A. Donini, M.G. Folgado and N. Rius, FIMP dark matter in clockwork/linear dilaton extra-dimensions, JHEP 04 (2021) 061 [arXiv:2012.10453] [INSPIRE].
A. de Giorgi and S. Vogl, Unitarity in KK-graviton production: a case study in warped extra-dimensions, JHEP 04 (2021) 143 [arXiv:2012.09672] [INSPIRE].
I. Antoniadis, N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G.R. Dvali, New dimensions at a millimeter to a Fermi and superstrings at a TeV, Phys. Lett. B 436 (1998) 257 [hep-ph/9804398] [INSPIRE].
R. Rattazzi, Cargese lectures on extra-dimensions, in the proceedings of Cargese school of particle physics and cosmology: the interface, (2003), p. 461 [hep-ph/0607055] [INSPIRE].
S. Raychaudhuri and K. Sridhar, Particle physics of brane worlds and extra dimensions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. (2016) [INSPIRE].
G.D. Kribs, TASI 2004 lectures on the phenomenology of extra dimensions, in the proceedings of Theoretical Advanced Study Institute in Elementary Particle Physics: physics in D ≥ 4, (2006), p. 633 [hep-ph/0605325] [INSPIRE].
W.D. Goldberger and M.B. Wise, Modulus stabilization with bulk fields, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 4922 [hep-ph/9907447] [INSPIRE].
M.A. Luty and R. Sundrum, Radius stabilization and anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking, Phys. Rev. D 62 (2000) 035008 [hep-th/9910202] [INSPIRE].
E. Ponton and E. Poppitz, Casimir energy and radius stabilization in five-dimensional orbifolds and six-dimensional orbifolds, JHEP 06 (2001) 019 [hep-ph/0105021] [INSPIRE].
R.S. Chivukula et al., Massive spin-2 scattering amplitudes in extra-dimensional theories, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 075013 [arXiv:2002.12458] [INSPIRE].
R.S. Chivukula et al., Spin-2 Kaluza-Klein scattering in a stabilized warped background, Phys. Rev. D 107 (2023) 035015 [arXiv:2206.10628] [INSPIRE].
T. Han, J.D. Lykken and R.-J. Zhang, On Kaluza-Klein states from large extra dimensions, Phys. Rev. D 59 (1999) 105006 [hep-ph/9811350] [INSPIRE].
T. Hambye, M.H.G. Tytgat, J. Vandecasteele and L. Vanderheyden, Dark matter from dark photons: a taxonomy of dark matter production, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 095018 [arXiv:1908.09864] [INSPIRE].
E.W. Kolb and S. Wolfram, Baryon number generation in the early universe, Nucl. Phys. B 172 (1980) 224 [Erratum ibid. 195 (1982) 542] [INSPIRE].
M. Plumacher, Baryogenesis and lepton number violation, Z. Phys. C 74 (1997) 549 [hep-ph/9604229] [INSPIRE].
G.F. Giudice et al., Towards a complete theory of thermal leptogenesis in the SM and MSSM, Nucl. Phys. B 685 (2004) 89 [hep-ph/0310123] [INSPIRE].
M.D. Schwartz, Constructing gravitational dimensions, Phys. Rev. D 68 (2003) 024029 [hep-th/0303114] [INSPIRE].
R. Murgia et al., “Non-cold” dark matter at small scales: a general approach, JCAP 11 (2017) 046 [arXiv:1704.07838] [INSPIRE].
V. Iršič et al., New constraints on the free-streaming of warm dark matter from intermediate and small scale Lyman-α forest data, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 023522 [arXiv:1702.01764] [INSPIRE].
A. Dekker, S. Ando, C.A. Correa and K.C.Y. Ng, Warm dark matter constraints using Milky Way satellite observations and subhalo evolution modeling, Phys. Rev. D 106 (2022) 123026 [arXiv:2111.13137] [INSPIRE].
J.-W. Hsueh et al., SHARP — VII. New constraints on the dark matter free-streaming properties and substructure abundance from gravitationally lensed quasars, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 492 (2020) 3047 [arXiv:1905.04182] [INSPIRE].
D. Gilman et al., Warm dark matter chills out: constraints on the halo mass function and the free-streaming length of dark matter with eight quadruple-image strong gravitational lenses, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 491 (2020) 6077 [arXiv:1908.06983] [INSPIRE].
J. Heeck and D. Teresi, Cold keV dark matter from decays and scatterings, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 035018 [arXiv:1706.09909] [INSPIRE].
M.H. Reno and D. Seckel, Primordial nucleosynthesis: the effects of injecting hadrons, Phys. Rev. D 37 (1988) 3441 [INSPIRE].
R.H. Cyburt, J.R. Ellis, B.D. Fields and K.A. Olive, Updated nucleosynthesis constraints on unstable relic particles, Phys. Rev. D 67 (2003) 103521 [astro-ph/0211258] [INSPIRE].
K. Jedamzik, Big bang nucleosynthesis constraints on hadronically and electromagnetically decaying relic neutral particles, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 103509 [hep-ph/0604251] [INSPIRE].
M. Kawasaki, K. Kohri and T. Moroi, Hadronic decay of late-decaying particles and big-bang nucleosynthesis, Phys. Lett. B 625 (2005) 7 [astro-ph/0402490] [INSPIRE].
M. Kawasaki, K. Kohri, T. Moroi and Y. Takaesu, Revisiting big-bang nucleosynthesis constraints on long-lived decaying particles, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 023502 [arXiv:1709.01211] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2208.03153
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
de Giorgi, A., Vogl, S. Warm dark matter from a gravitational freeze-in in extra dimensions. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 32 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2023)032
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2023)032