Abstract
Kinetic mixing between gauge fields of different U(1) factors is a well-studied phenomenon in 4d EFT. In string compactifications with U(1)s from sequestered D-brane sectors, kinetic mixing becomes a key target for the UV prediction of a phenomenologically important EFT operator. Surprisingly, in many cases kinetic mixing is absent due to a non-trivial cancellation. In particular, D3-D3 kinetic mixing in type-IIB vanishes while D3-anti-D3 mixing does not. This follows both from exact CFT calculations on tori as well as from a leading-order 10d supergravity analysis, where the key cancellation is between the C2 and B2 contribution. We take the latter approach, which is the only one available in realistic Calabi-Yau settings, to a higher level of precision by including sub-leading terms of the brane action and allowing for non-vanishing C0. The exact cancellation persists, which we argue to be the result of \({\text{SL}}\left(2,{\mathbb{R}}\right)\) self-duality. We note that a B2C2 term on the D3-brane, which is often missing in the recent literature, is essential to obtain the correct zero result. Finally, allowing for \({\text{SL}}\left(2,{\mathbb{R}}\right)\)-breaking fluxes, kinetic mixing between D3-branes arises at a volume-suppressed level. We provide basic explicit formulae, both for kinetic as well as magnetic mixing, leaving the study of phenomenologically relevant, more complex situations for the future. We also note that describing our result in 4d supergravity appears to require higher-derivative terms — an issue which deserves further study.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Jonathan Heckman, Ralph Blumenhagen and Timo Weigand for valuable discussions and comments. We are particularly grateful to Stefan Theisen for an exchange concerning the D3-brane action and the presence of the extra term in the WZ-action as well as to Joseph Conlon and Mark Goodsell for discussions about the challenges of a 4d supergravity formulation. The work of AH is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC 2181/1 — 390900948 (the Heidelberg STRUCTURES Excellence Cluster). JJ is grateful for the support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860881-HIDDeN. RK is supported by the International Max Planck Research School for Precision Tests of Fundamental Symmetries (IMPRS-PTFS).
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Hebecker, A., Jaeckel, J. & Kuespert, R. Small kinetic mixing in string theory. J. High Energ. Phys. 2024, 116 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2024)116
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2024)116