Abstract
We study previously unexplored possibility of triggering the first order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) by interactions of the Standard Model (SM) particles with the sector responsible for low scale supersymmetry breaking. The low-energy theory apart from the SM particles contains additional scalar degrees of freedom — sgoldstinos — which contribute to the effective scalar potential and thus can trigger the first order EWPT. Remarkably, the latter requires only moderate couplings in the scalar sector. The perturbative description in terms of the effective theory seems formally to be applicable upto the scale of supersymmetry breaking: the Landau pole in the scalar sector is above 108-109 GeV. We calculate the gravitational wave signal generated at this transition (it can be tested, e.g. by LISA, BBO and DECIGO) and briefly discuss the collider phenomenology of this scenario.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
H. P. Nilles, Supersymmetry, Supergravity and Particle Physics, Phys. Rept. 110 (1984) 1 [INSPIRE].
H. E. Haber and G. L. Kane, The Search for Supersymmetry: Probing Physics Beyond the Standard Model, Phys. Rept. 117 (1985) 75 [INSPIRE].
Public results of the ATLAS experiment: supersymmetry searches, https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/AtlasPublic/SupersymmetryPublicResults.
CMS Supersymmetry Physics Results, https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/CMSPublic/PhysicsResultsSUS.
D. V. Volkov and V. P. Akulov, Is the Neutrino a Goldstone Particle?, Phys. Lett. B 46 (1973) 109 [INSPIRE].
E. Cremmer, B. Julia, J. Scherk, P. van Nieuwenhuizen, S. Ferrara and L. Girardello, Super-Higgs effect in supergravity with general scalar interactions, Phys. Lett. B 79 (1978) 231 [INSPIRE].
J. R. Ellis, K. Enqvist and D. V. Nanopoulos, A Very Light Gravitino in a No Scale Model, Phys. Lett. B 147 (1984) 99 [INSPIRE].
J. R. Ellis, K. Enqvist and D. V. Nanopoulos, Non-compact supergravity solves problems, Phys. Lett. B 151 (1985) 357 [INSPIRE].
G. F. Giudice and R. Rattazzi, Theories with gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking, Phys. Rept. 322 (1999) 419 [hep-ph/9801271] [INSPIRE].
S. L. Dubovsky, D. S. Gorbunov and S. V. Troitsky, Gauge mechanism of mediation of supersymmetry breaking, Phys. Usp. 42 (1999) 623 [hep-ph/9905466] [INSPIRE].
A. Brignole, F. Feruglio and F. Zwirner, Aspects of spontaneously broken N = 1 global supersymmetry in the presence of gauge interactions, Nucl. Phys. B 501 (1997) 332 [hep-ph/9703286] [INSPIRE].
A. Brignole, J. A. Casas, J. R. Espinosa and I. Navarro, Low scale supersymmetry breaking: Effective description, electroweak breaking and phenomenology, Nucl. Phys. B 666 (2003) 105 [hep-ph/0301121] [INSPIRE].
A. Brignole and A. Rossi, Flavor nonconservation in goldstino interactions, Nucl. Phys. B 587 (2000) 3 [hep-ph/0006036] [INSPIRE].
E. Perazzi, G. Ridolfi and F. Zwirner, Signatures of massive sgoldstinos at e+ e− colliders, Nucl. Phys. B 574 (2000) 3 [hep-ph/0001025] [INSPIRE].
E. Perazzi, G. Ridolfi and F. Zwirner, Signatures of massive sgoldstinos at hadron colliders, Nucl. Phys. B 590 (2000) 287 [hep-ph/0005076] [INSPIRE].
D. S. Gorbunov and V. A. Rubakov, Kaon physics with light sgoldstinos and parity conservation, Phys. Rev. D 64 (2001) 054008 [hep-ph/0012033] [INSPIRE].
D. Gorbunov, V. Ilyin and B. Mele, Sgoldstino events in top decays at LHC, Phys. Lett. B 502 (2001) 181 [hep-ph/0012150] [INSPIRE].
D. S. Gorbunov and N. V. Krasnikov, Prospects for sgoldstino search at the LHC, JHEP 07 (2002) 043 [hep-ph/0203078] [INSPIRE].
S. V. Demidov and D. S. Gorbunov, LHC prospects in searches for neutral scalars in pp → γγ + jet: SM Higgs boson, radion, sgoldstino, Phys. Atom. Nucl. 69 (2006) 712 [hep-ph/0405213] [INSPIRE].
E. Dudas, C. Petersson and P. Tziveloglou, Low Scale Supersymmetry Breaking and its LHC Signatures, Nucl. Phys. B 870 (2013) 353 [arXiv:1211.5609] [INSPIRE].
S. V. Demidov and I. V. Sobolev, Lepton flavor-violating decays of the Higgs boson from sgoldstino mixing, JHEP 08 (2016) 030 [arXiv:1605.08220] [INSPIRE].
C. Petersson and A. Romagnoni, The MSSM Higgs Sector with a Dynamical Goldstino Supermultiplet, JHEP 02 (2012) 142 [arXiv:1111.3368] [INSPIRE].
K. O. Astapov and S. V. Demidov, Sgoldstino-Higgs mixing in models with low-scale supersymmetry breaking, JHEP 01 (2015) 136 [arXiv:1411.6222] [INSPIRE].
S. Demidov, D. Gorbunov and E. Kriukova, Sgoldstino signature in hh, W + W − and ZZ spectra at the LHC, JHEP 05 (2020) 092 [arXiv:2003.07388] [INSPIRE].
S. Profumo, M. J. Ramsey-Musolf and G. Shaughnessy, Singlet Higgs phenomenology and the electroweak phase transition, JHEP 08 (2007) 010 [arXiv:0705.2425] [INSPIRE].
J. R. Espinosa, T. Konstandin and F. Riva, Strong Electroweak Phase Transitions in the Standard Model with a Singlet, Nucl. Phys. B 854 (2012) 592 [arXiv:1107.5441] [INSPIRE].
J. M. Cline and K. Kainulainen, Electroweak baryogenesis and dark matter from a singlet Higgs, JCAP 01 (2013) 012 [arXiv:1210.4196] [INSPIRE].
S. Profumo, M. J. Ramsey-Musolf, C. L. Wainwright and P. Winslow, Singlet-catalyzed electroweak phase transitions and precision Higgs boson studies, Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 035018 [arXiv:1407.5342] [INSPIRE].
M. Jiang, L. Bian, W. Huang and J. Shu, Impact of a complex singlet: Electroweak baryogenesis and dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 065032 [arXiv:1502.07574] [INSPIRE].
G. Kurup and M. Perelstein, Dynamics of Electroweak Phase Transition In Singlet-Scalar Extension of the Standard Model, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 015036 [arXiv:1704.03381] [INSPIRE].
S. V. Demidov, D. S. Gorbunov and D. V. Kirpichnikov, Gravitational waves from phase transition in split NMSSM, Phys. Lett. B 779 (2018) 191 [arXiv:1712.00087] [INSPIRE].
O. Gould, J. Kozaczuk, L. Niemi, M. J. Ramsey-Musolf, T. V. I. Tenkanen and D. J. Weir, Nonperturbative analysis of the gravitational waves from a first-order electroweak phase transition, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 115024 [arXiv:1903.11604] [INSPIRE].
V. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Rubakov and M. E. Shaposhnikov, On the Anomalous Electroweak Baryon Number Nonconservation in the Early Universe, Phys. Lett. B 155 (1985) 36 [INSPIRE].
D. E. Morrissey and M. J. Ramsey-Musolf, Electroweak baryogenesis, New J. Phys. 14 (2012) 125003 [arXiv:1206.2942] [INSPIRE].
M. Kamionkowski, A. Kosowsky and M. S. Turner, Gravitational radiation from first order phase transitions, Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 2837 [astro-ph/9310044] [INSPIRE].
R. Apreda, M. Maggiore, A. Nicolis and A. Riotto, Gravitational waves from electroweak phase transitions, Nucl. Phys. B 631 (2002) 342 [gr-qc/0107033] [INSPIRE].
C. Grojean and G. Servant, Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions at the Electroweak Scale and Beyond, Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 043507 [hep-ph/0607107] [INSPIRE].
S. J. Huber and T. Konstandin, Gravitational Wave Production by Collisions: More Bubbles, JCAP 09 (2008) 022 [arXiv:0806.1828] [INSPIRE].
C. Caprini and D. G. Figueroa, Cosmological Backgrounds of Gravitational Waves, Class. Quant. Grav. 35 (2018) 163001 [arXiv:1801.04268] [INSPIRE].
N. Craig, N. Levi, A. Mariotti and D. Redigolo, Ripples in Spacetime from Broken Supersymmetry, JHEP 21 (2020) 184 [arXiv:2011.13949] [INSPIRE].
K. Schmitz, New Sensitivity Curves for Gravitational-Wave Signals from Cosmological Phase Transitions, JHEP 01 (2021) 097 [arXiv:2002.04615] [INSPIRE].
D. S. Gorbunov and A. V. Semenov, CompHEP package with light gravitino and sgoldstinos, hep-ph/0111291 [INSPIRE].
S. R. Coleman and E. J. Weinberg, Radiative Corrections as the Origin of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Phys. Rev. D 7 (1973) 1888 [INSPIRE].
C.-W. Chiang and B.-Q. Lu, First-order electroweak phase transition in a complex singlet model with ℤ3 symmetry, JHEP 07 (2020) 082 [arXiv:1912.12634] [INSPIRE].
L. Dolan and R. Jackiw, Symmetry Behavior at Finite Temperature, Phys. Rev. D 9 (1974) 3320 [INSPIRE].
M. E. Carrington, The Effective potential at finite temperature in the Standard Model, Phys. Rev. D 45 (1992) 2933 [INSPIRE].
P. B. Arnold and O. Espinosa, The Effective potential and first order phase transitions: Beyond leading-order, Phys. Rev. D 47 (1993) 3546 [Erratum ibid. 50 (1994) 6662] [hep-ph/9212235] [INSPIRE].
H. H. Patel and M. J. Ramsey-Musolf, Baryon Washout, Electroweak Phase Transition, and Perturbation Theory, JHEP 07 (2011) 029 [arXiv:1101.4665] [INSPIRE].
M. Garny and T. Konstandin, On the gauge dependence of vacuum transitions at finite temperature, JHEP 07 (2012) 189 [arXiv:1205.3392] [INSPIRE].
L. Niemi, P. Schicho and T. V. I. Tenkanen, Singlet-assisted electroweak phase transition at two loops, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) 115035 [arXiv:2103.07467] [INSPIRE].
D. Croon, O. Gould, P. Schicho, T. V. I. Tenkanen and G. White, Theoretical uncertainties for cosmological first-order phase transitions, JHEP 04 (2021) 055 [arXiv:2009.10080] [INSPIRE].
P. Athron, C. Balázs, A. Fowlie and Y. Zhang, PhaseTracer: tracing cosmological phases and calculating transition properties, Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020) 567 [arXiv:2003.02859] [INSPIRE].
A. Fowlie, A fast C++ implementation of thermal functions, Comput. Phys. Commun. 228 (2018) 264 [arXiv:1802.02720] [INSPIRE].
J. M. Cline, A. Friedlander, D.-M. He, K. Kainulainen, B. Laurent and D. Tucker-Smith, Baryogenesis and gravity waves from a UV-completed electroweak phase transition, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) 123529 [arXiv:2102.12490] [INSPIRE].
A. D. Linde, Fate of the False Vacuum at Finite Temperature: Theory and Applications, Phys. Lett. B 100 (1981) 37 [INSPIRE].
A. D. Linde, Decay of the False Vacuum at Finite Temperature, Nucl. Phys. B 216 (1983) 421 [Erratum ibid. 223 (1983) 544] [INSPIRE].
M. Dine, R. G. Leigh, P. Y. Huet, A. D. Linde and D. A. Linde, Towards the theory of the electroweak phase transition, Phys. Rev. D 46 (1992) 550 [hep-ph/9203203] [INSPIRE].
G. W. Anderson and L. J. Hall, The Electroweak phase transition and baryogenesis, Phys. Rev. D 45 (1992) 2685 [INSPIRE].
V. Guada, M. Nemevšek and M. Pintar, FindBounce: Package for multi-field bounce actions, Comput. Phys. Commun. 256 (2020) 107480 [arXiv:2002.00881] [INSPIRE].
C. Caprini et al., Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update, JCAP 03 (2020) 024 [arXiv:1910.13125] [INSPIRE].
M. E. Carrington and J. I. Kapusta, Dynamics of the electroweak phase transition, Phys. Rev. D 47 (1993) 5304 [INSPIRE].
G. D. Moore and T. Prokopec, How fast can the wall move? A Study of the electroweak phase transition dynamics, Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995) 7182 [hep-ph/9506475] [INSPIRE].
T. Konstandin, G. Nardini and I. Rues, From Boltzmann equations to steady wall velocities, JCAP 09 (2014) 028 [arXiv:1407.3132] [INSPIRE].
J. Kozaczuk, Bubble Expansion and the Viability of Singlet-Driven Electroweak Baryogenesis, JHEP 10 (2015) 135 [arXiv:1506.04741] [INSPIRE].
A. Friedlander, I. Banta, J. M. Cline and D. Tucker-Smith, Wall speed and shape in singlet-assisted strong electroweak phase transitions, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) 055020 [arXiv:2009.14295] [INSPIRE].
C. Caprini et al., Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: Gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions, JCAP 04 (2016) 001 [arXiv:1512.06239] [INSPIRE].
J. Ellis, M. Lewicki, J. M. No and V. Vaskonen, Gravitational wave energy budget in strongly supercooled phase transitions, JCAP 06 (2019) 024 [arXiv:1903.09642] [INSPIRE].
H.-K. Guo, K. Sinha, D. Vagie and G. White, Phase Transitions in an Expanding Universe: Stochastic Gravitational Waves in Standard and Non-Standard Histories, JCAP 01 (2021) 001 [arXiv:2007.08537] [INSPIRE].
A. Ringwald, K. Saikawa and C. Tamarit, Primordial gravitational waves in a minimal model of particle physics and cosmology, JCAP 02 (2021) 046 [arXiv:2009.02050] [INSPIRE].
O. Gould and T. V. I. Tenkanen, On the perturbative expansion at high temperature and implications for cosmological phase transitions, JHEP 06 (2021) 069 [arXiv:2104.04399] [INSPIRE].
A. Brignole, F. Feruglio and F. Zwirner, Signals of a superlight gravitino at e+ e− colliders when the other superparticles are heavy, Nucl. Phys. B 516 (1998) 13 [Erratum ibid. 555 (1999) 653] [hep-ph/9711516] [INSPIRE].
A. Brignole, F. Feruglio, M. L. Mangano and F. Zwirner, Signals of a superlight gravitino at hadron colliders when the other superparticles are heavy, Nucl. Phys. B 526 (1998) 136 [Erratum ibid. 582 (2000) 759] [hep-ph/9801329] [INSPIRE].
F. Maltoni, A. Martini, K. Mawatari and B. Oexl, Signals of a superlight gravitino at the LHC, JHEP 04 (2015) 021 [arXiv:1502.01637] [INSPIRE].
S. V. Demidov and I. V. Sobolev, Low scale supersymmetry at the LHC with jet and missing energy signature, arXiv:1709.03830 [INSPIRE].
J. S. Kim, S. Pokorski, K. Rolbiecki and K. Sakurai, Gravitino vs Neutralino LSP at the LHC, JHEP 09 (2019) 082 [arXiv:1905.05648] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for supersymmetry in final states with photons and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV, JHEP 06 (2019) 143 [arXiv:1903.07070] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for supersymmetry in events with a photon, jets, b -jets, and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 444 [arXiv:1901.06726] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Inclusive search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV using razor variables and boosted object identification in zero and one lepton final states, JHEP 03 (2019) 031 [arXiv:1812.06302] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for supersymmetry in events with a photon, a lepton, and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, JHEP 01 (2019) 154 [arXiv:1812.04066] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for supersymmetry in events with four or more leptons in \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV pp collisions with ATLAS, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 032009 [arXiv:1804.03602] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for photonic signatures of gauge-mediated supersymmetry in 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 092006 [arXiv:1802.03158] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with hadronically decaying τ-leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum using pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 012009 [arXiv:1808.06358] [INSPIRE].
M. J. Ramsey-Musolf, The electroweak phase transition: a collider target, JHEP 09 (2020) 179 [arXiv:1912.07189] [INSPIRE].
M. Asano and R. Garani, Sgoldstino search at the LHC, arXiv:1701.00829 [INSPIRE].
C.-Y. Chen, J. Kozaczuk and I. M. Lewis, Non-resonant Collider Signatures of a Singlet-Driven Electroweak Phase Transition, JHEP 08 (2017) 096 [arXiv:1704.05844] [INSPIRE].
M. Carena, Z. Liu and M. Riembau, Probing the electroweak phase transition via enhanced di-Higgs boson production, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 095032 [arXiv:1801.00794] [INSPIRE].
T. Robens, T. Stefaniak and J. Wittbrodt, Two-real-scalar-singlet extension of the SM: LHC phenomenology and benchmark scenarios, Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020) 151 [arXiv:1908.08554] [INSPIRE].
A. Alves, T. Ghosh, H.-K. Guo, K. Sinha and D. Vagie, Collider and Gravitational Wave Complementarity in Exploring the Singlet Extension of the Standard Model, JHEP 04 (2019) 052 [arXiv:1812.09333] [INSPIRE].
A. Alves, D. Gonçalves, T. Ghosh, H.-K. Guo and K. Sinha, Di-Higgs Production in the 4b Channel and Gravitational Wave Complementarity, JHEP 03 (2020) 053 [arXiv:1909.05268] [INSPIRE].
A. Papaefstathiou and G. White, The electro-weak phase transition at colliders: confronting theoretical uncertainties and complementary channels, JHEP 05 (2021) 099 [arXiv:2010.00597] [INSPIRE].
M.-x. Luo and Y. Xiao, Two loop renormalization group equations in the standard model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 011601 [hep-ph/0207271] [INSPIRE].
M. Shaposhnikov and C. Wetterich, Asymptotic safety of gravity and the Higgs boson mass, Phys. Lett. B 683 (2010) 196 [arXiv:0912.0208] [INSPIRE].
K. Kainulainen, K. Tuominen and V. Vaskonen, Self-interacting dark matter and cosmology of a light scalar mediator, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 015016 [Erratum ibid. 95 (2017) 079901] [arXiv:1507.04931] [INSPIRE].
G. Degrassi et al., Higgs mass and vacuum stability in the Standard Model at NNLO, JHEP 08 (2012) 098 [arXiv:1205.6497] [INSPIRE].
J. Brod and Z. Polonsky, Two-loop β-function for Complex Scalar Electroweak Multiplets, JHEP 09 (2020) 158 [arXiv:2007.13755] [INSPIRE].
M. Holthausen, K. S. Lim and M. Lindner, Planck scale Boundary Conditions and the Higgs Mass, JHEP 02 (2012) 037 [arXiv:1112.2415] [INSPIRE].
P. Ghorbani, Vacuum stability vs. positivity in real singlet scalar extension of the standard model, Nucl. Phys. B 971 (2021) 115533 [arXiv:2104.09542] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2112.06083
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Demidov, S., Gorbunov, D. & Kriukova, E. Gravitational waves from first-order electroweak phase transition in a model with light sgoldstinos. J. High Energ. Phys. 2022, 61 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2022)061
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2022)061