Abstract
High-energy muon collider can play as an emitter of electroweak gauge bosons and thus leads to substantial vector boson scattering (VBS) processes. In this work, we investigate the production of heavy neutral lepton (HNL) N and lepton number violation (LNV) signature through VBS at high-energy muon colliders. VBS induces LNV processes W±Z/γ → ℓ±N → ℓ±ℓ±W∓ → ℓ±ℓ±\( q\overline{q} \)′ with an on-shell HNL N at μ+μ− colliders. In analogy to neutrinoless double-beta decay with the HNL in t-channel, the LNV signature W+W+ → ℓ+ℓ+ can also happen via VBS at same-sign muon collider. They provide clean and robust LNV signatures to tell the nature of Majorana HNLs and thus have more advantageous benefits than direct μμ annihilation. We analyze the potential of searching for Majorana HNL and obtain the exclusion limits on mixing VℓN. Based on this same-sign lepton signature, we also obtain the sensitivity of muon collider to the Weinberg operator.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
S. Weinberg, Baryon and Lepton Nonconserving Processes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 (1979) 1566 [INSPIRE].
P. Minkowski, μ → eγ at a Rate of One Out of 109 Muon Decays?, Phys. Lett. B 67 (1977) 421 [INSPIRE].
T. Yanagida, Horizontal gauge symmetry and masses of neutrinos, Conf. Proc. C 7902131 (1979) 95 [INSPIRE].
M. Gell-Mann, P. Ramond and R. Slansky, Complex Spinors and Unified Theories, Conf. Proc. C 790927 (1979) 315 [arXiv:1306.4669] [INSPIRE].
S.L. Glashow, The Future of Elementary Particle Physics, NATO Sci. Ser. B 61 (1980) 687 [INSPIRE].
R.N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanovic, Neutrino Mass and Spontaneous Parity Nonconservation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44 (1980) 912 [INSPIRE].
R.E. Shrock, General Theory of Weak Leptonic and Semileptonic Decays. Part 1. Leptonic Pseudoscalar Meson Decays, with Associated Tests For, and Bounds on, Neutrino Masses and Lepton Mixing, Phys. Rev. D 24 (1981) 1232 [INSPIRE].
J. Schechter and J.W.F. Valle, Neutrino Masses in SU(2) ⊗ U(1) Theories, Phys. Rev. D 22 (1980) 2227 [INSPIRE].
R. Foot, H. Lew, X.G. He and G.C. Joshi, Seesaw Neutrino Masses Induced by a Triplet of Leptons, Z. Phys. C 44 (1989) 441 [INSPIRE].
A. Atre, T. Han, S. Pascoli and B. Zhang, The Search for Heavy Majorana Neutrinos, JHEP 05 (2009) 030 [arXiv:0901.3589] [INSPIRE].
Y. Cai, T. Han, T. Li and R. Ruiz, Lepton Number Violation: Seesaw Models and Their Collider Tests, Front. Phys. 6 (2018) 40 [arXiv:1711.02180] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in same-sign dilepton channels in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, JHEP 01 (2019) 122 [arXiv:1806.10905] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for heavy neutral leptons in events with three charged leptons in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 (2018) 221801 [arXiv:1802.02965] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Probing Heavy Majorana Neutrinos and the Weinberg Operator through Vector Boson Fusion Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (2023) 011803 [arXiv:2206.08956] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for Majorana neutrinos in same-sign WW scattering events from pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, arXiv:2305.14931 [INSPIRE].
S. Antusch, E. Cazzato and O. Fischer, Sterile neutrino searches at future e−e+, pp, and e−p colliders, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 32 (2017) 1750078 [arXiv:1612.02728] [INSPIRE].
S. Pascoli, R. Ruiz and C. Weiland, Heavy neutrinos with dynamic jet vetoes: multilepton searches at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 14, 27, and 100 TeV, JHEP 06 (2019) 049 [arXiv:1812.08750] [INSPIRE].
W. Liu, J. Li, Z. Chen and H. Sun, Probing Heavy Neutrinos at the LHC from Fat-jet using Machine Learning, arXiv:2303.15920 [INSPIRE].
MICE collaboration, Demonstration of cooling by the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment, Nature 578 (2020) 53 [arXiv:1907.08562] [INSPIRE].
J.P. Delahaye et al., Muon Colliders, arXiv:1901.06150 [INSPIRE].
N. Bartosik et al., Detector and Physics Performance at a Muon Collider, 2020 JINST 15 P05001 [arXiv:2001.04431] [INSPIRE].
T. Han, Y. Ma and K. Xie, High energy leptonic collisions and electroweak parton distribution functions, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) L031301 [arXiv:2007.14300] [INSPIRE].
W. Yin and M. Yamaguchi, Muon g − 2 at a multi-TeV muon collider, Phys. Rev. D 106 (2022) 033007 [arXiv:2012.03928] [INSPIRE].
H. Al Ali et al., The muon Smasher’s guide, Rept. Prog. Phys. 85 (2022) 084201 [arXiv:2103.14043] [INSPIRE].
T. Bose et al., Report of the Topical Group on Physics Beyond the Standard Model at Energy Frontier for Snowmass 2021, arXiv:2209.13128 [INSPIRE].
F. Maltoni et al., TF07 Snowmass Report: Theory of Collider Phenomena, arXiv:2210.02591 [INSPIRE].
M. Narain et al., The Future of U.S. Particle Physics — The Snowmass 2021 Energy Frontier Report, arXiv:2211.11084 [INSPIRE].
T. Li, H. Qin, C.-Y. Yao and M. Yuan, Probing heavy triplet leptons of the type-III seesaw mechanism at future muon colliders, Phys. Rev. D 106 (2022) 035021 [arXiv:2205.04214] [INSPIRE].
T. Li, C.-Y. Yao and M. Yuan, Revealing the origin of neutrino masses through the Type II Seesaw mechanism at high-energy muon colliders, JHEP 03 (2023) 137 [arXiv:2301.07274] [INSPIRE].
T.A. Chowdhury, A. Jueid, S. Nasri and S. Saad, Probing Zee-Babu states at Muon Colliders, arXiv:2306.01255 [INSPIRE].
K. Mękała, J. Reuter and A.F. Żarnecki, Optimal search reach for heavy neutral leptons at a muon collider, Phys. Lett. B 841 (2023) 137945 [arXiv:2301.02602] [INSPIRE].
T.H. Kwok, L. Li, T. Liu and A. Rock, Searching for Heavy Neutral Leptons at A Future Muon Collider, arXiv:2301.05177 [INSPIRE].
P. Li, Z. Liu and K.-F. Lyu, Heavy neutral leptons at muon colliders, JHEP 03 (2023) 231 [arXiv:2301.07117] [INSPIRE].
J.-L. Yang, C.-H. Chang and T.-F. Feng, The leptonic di-flavor and di-number violation processes at high energy μ±μ± colliders, arXiv:2302.13247 [INSPIRE].
R. Jiang et al., Searching for Majorana Neutrinos at a Same-Sign Muon Collider, arXiv:2304.04483 [INSPIRE].
A. Costantini et al., Vector boson fusion at multi-TeV muon colliders, JHEP 09 (2020) 080 [arXiv:2005.10289] [INSPIRE].
T. Han, S. Li, S. Su, W. Su and Y. Wu, Heavy Higgs bosons in 2HDM at a muon collider, Phys. Rev. D 104 (2021) 055029 [arXiv:2102.08386] [INSPIRE].
D. Buarque Franzosi et al., Vector boson scattering processes: Status and prospects, Rev. Phys. 8 (2022) 100071 [arXiv:2106.01393] [INSPIRE].
R. Ruiz, A. Costantini, F. Maltoni and O. Mattelaer, The Effective Vector Boson Approximation in high-energy muon collisions, JHEP 06 (2022) 114 [arXiv:2111.02442] [INSPIRE].
T. Han and B. Zhang, Signatures for Majorana neutrinos at hadron colliders, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 171804 [hep-ph/0604064] [INSPIRE].
P.S.B. Dev, A. Pilaftsis and U.-K. Yang, New Production Mechanism for Heavy Neutrinos at the LHC, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 081801 [arXiv:1308.2209] [INSPIRE].
D. Alva, T. Han and R. Ruiz, Heavy Majorana neutrinos from Wγ fusion at hadron colliders, JHEP 02 (2015) 072 [arXiv:1411.7305] [INSPIRE].
D.A. Dicus, D.D. Karatas and P. Roy, Lepton nonconservation at supercollider energies, Phys. Rev. D 44 (1991) 2033 [INSPIRE].
B. Fuks, J. Neundorf, K. Peters, R. Ruiz and M. Saimpert, Majorana neutrinos in same-sign W±W± scattering at the LHC: Breaking the TeV barrier, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) 055005 [arXiv:2011.02547] [INSPIRE].
B. Fuks, J. Neundorf, K. Peters, R. Ruiz and M. Saimpert, Probing the Weinberg operator at colliders, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) 115014 [arXiv:2012.09882] [INSPIRE].
J.L. Schubert and O. Ruchayskiy, Neutrinoless double-beta decay at colliders: interference between Majorana states, arXiv:2210.11294 [INSPIRE].
C. Degrande, C. Duhr, B. Fuks, D. Grellscheid, O. Mattelaer and T. Reiter, UFO — The Universal FeynRules Output, Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 (2012) 1201 [arXiv:1108.2040] [INSPIRE].
C. Degrande, O. Mattelaer, R. Ruiz and J. Turner, Fully-Automated Precision Predictions for Heavy Neutrino Production Mechanisms at Hadron Colliders, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 053002 [arXiv:1602.06957] [INSPIRE].
J. Alwall et al., The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations, JHEP 07 (2014) 079 [arXiv:1405.0301] [INSPIRE].
T. Sjöstrand et al., An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2, Comput. Phys. Commun. 191 (2015) 159 [arXiv:1410.3012] [INSPIRE].
C. Bierlich et al., A comprehensive guide to the physics and usage of PYTHIA 8.3, SciPost Phys. Codebases 8 (2022) 1 arXiv:2203.11601 [INSPIRE].
DELPHES 3 collaboration, DELPHES 3, A modular framework for fast simulation of a generic collider experiment, JHEP 02 (2014) 057 [arXiv:1307.6346] [INSPIRE].
A. Das, P. Konar and A. Thalapillil, Jet substructure shedding light on heavy Majorana neutrinos at the LHC, JHEP 02 (2018) 083 [arXiv:1709.09712] [INSPIRE].
A. Bhardwaj, A. Das, P. Konar and A. Thalapillil, Looking for Minimal Inverse Seesaw scenarios at the LHC with Jet Substructure Techniques, J. Phys. G 47 (2020) 075002 [arXiv:1801.00797] [INSPIRE].
A. Das, S. Jana, S. Mandal and S. Nandi, Probing right handed neutrinos at the LHeC and lepton colliders using fat jet signatures, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 055030 [arXiv:1811.04291] [INSPIRE].
M. Chrzaszcz, M. Drewes, T.E. Gonzalo, J. Harz, S. Krishnamurthy and C. Weniger, A frequentist analysis of three right-handed neutrinos with GAMBIT, Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020) 569 [arXiv:1908.02302] [INSPIRE].
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Richard Ruiz for useful discussion. T.L. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 12035008, 11975129) and “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”, Nankai University (Grant No. 63196013). C.Y.Y. is supported in part by the Grants No. NSFC-11975130, No. NSFC-12035008, No. NSFC-12047533, the Helmholtz-OCPC International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program, the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No. 2017YFA0402200, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No. 2018M641621, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy — EXC 2121 “Quantum Universe” — 390833306.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2306.17368
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Li, T., Yao, CY. & Yuan, M. Searching for heavy neutral lepton and lepton number violation through VBS at high-energy muon colliders. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 131 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2023)131
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2023)131