Abstract
We initiate the study of transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) fragmentation functions for heavy quarks, demonstrate their factorization in terms of novel nonperturbative matrix elements in heavy-quark effective theory (HQET), and prove new TMD sum rules that arise from heavy-quark spin symmetry. We discuss the phenomenology of heavy-quark TMD FFs at B factories and find that the Collins effect, in contrast to claims in the literature, is not parametrically suppressed by the heavy-quark mass. We further calculate all TMD parton distribution functions for the production of heavy quarks from polarized gluons within the nucleon and use our results to demonstrate the potential of the future EIC to resolve TMD heavy-quark fragmentation in semi-inclusive DIS, complementing the planned EIC program to use heavy quarks as probes of gluon distributions.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Kyle Lee and Iain Stewart for insightful discussions and their comments on the manuscript, and Markus Diehl for pointing out an error regarding the all-order twist-2 matching of the heavy-quark Boer-Mulders function in an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank Frank Tackmann for his leading role and many contributions in developing the SCETlib numerical library. This work was supported in part by the Office of Nuclear Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-SC0011090, and within the framework of the TMD Topical Collaboration, by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 101002090 COLORFREE) and the PIER Hamburg Seed Project PHM-2019-01. R.v.K. gratefully acknowledges financial support for this project by the Fulbright Foreign Student Program, which is sponsored by the U.S. Department of State. (The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Fulbright Program and the Government of the United States.) R.v.K. thanks the MIT Center for Theoretical Physics for its hospitality.
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von Kuk, R., Michel, J.K.L. & Sun, Z. Transverse momentum distributions of heavy hadrons and polarized heavy quarks. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 205 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2023)205
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2023)205