Abstract
Radiatively-induced gravitational leptogenesis is a potential mechanism to ex- plain the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe. Gravitational tidal effects at the quantum loop level modify the dynamics of the leptons in curved spacetime and may be encoded in a low-energy effective action Seff . It has been shown in previous work how in a high-scale BSM theory the CP odd curvature-induced interactions in Seff modify the dispersion relations of leptons and antileptons differently in an expanding universe, giving rise to an effective chemical potential and a non-vanishing equilibrium lepton-antilepton asymmetry. In this paper, the CP even curvature interactions are shown to break lepton number current conservation and modify the evolution of the lepton number density as the universe expands. These effects are implemented in a generalised Boltzmann equation and used to trace the dynamical evolution of the lepton number density in different cosmological scenarios. The theory predicts a potentially significant gravitationally-induced lepton-antilepton asymmetry at very early times in the evolution of the universe.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
J.I. McDonald and G.M. Shore, Radiatively-induced gravitational leptogenesis, Phys. Lett. B 751 (2015) 469 [arXiv:1508.04119] [INSPIRE].
J.I. McDonald and G.M. Shore, Leptogenesis from loop effects in curved spacetime, JHEP 04 (2016) 030 [arXiv:1512.02238] [INSPIRE].
J.I. McDonald and G.M. Shore, Leptogenesis and gravity: baryon asymmetry without decays, Phys. Lett. B 766 (2017) 162 [arXiv:1604.08213] [INSPIRE].
A.D. Sakharov, Violation of CP Invariance, C asymmetry, and baryon asymmetry of the universe, Sov. Phys. Usp. 34 (1991) 392 [Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 5 (1967) 32] [JETP Lett. 5 (1967) 24] [Usp. Fiz. Nauk 161 (1991) 61] [INSPIRE].
H. Davoudiasl, R. Kitano, G.D. Kribs, H. Murayama and P.J. Steinhardt, Gravitational baryogenesis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 201301 [hep-ph/0403019] [INSPIRE].
S. Khlebnikov and M.E. Shaposhnikov, The Statistical Theory of Anomalous Fermion Number Nonconservation, Nucl. Phys. B 308 (1988) 885 [INSPIRE].
J.I. McDonald and G.M. Shore, Gravitational leptogenesis, C, CP and strong equivalence, JHEP 02 (2015) 076 [arXiv:1411.3669] [INSPIRE].
I.T. Drummond and S.J. Hathrell, QED Vacuum Polarization in a Background Gravitational Field and Its Effect on the Velocity of Photons, Phys. Rev. D 22 (1980) 343 [INSPIRE].
Y. Ohkuwa, Effect of a Background Gravitational Field on the Velocity of Neutrinos, Prog. Theor. Phys. 65 (1981) 1058 [INSPIRE].
V. Antunes, I. Bediaga and M. Novello, Gravitational baryogenesis without CPT violation, JCAP 10 (2019) 076 [arXiv:1909.03034] [INSPIRE].
W. Buchmüller, P. Di Bari and M. Plümacher, Leptogenesis for pedestrians, Annals Phys. 315 (2005) 305 [hep-ph/0401240] [INSPIRE].
M. Fukugita and T. Yanagida, Baryogenesis Without Grand Unification, Phys. Lett. B 174 (1986) 45 [INSPIRE].
M. Hobson, G. Efstathiou and A. Lasenby, General relativity: An introduction for physicists, Cambridge University Press (2006).
M.E. Peskin and D.V. Schroeder, An Introduction to quantum field theory, CRC Press (1995).
G.M. Shore, Faster than light photons in gravitational fields. 2. Dispersion and vacuum polarization, Nucl. Phys. B 633 (2002) 271 [gr-qc/0203034] [INSPIRE].
T.J. Hollowood and G.M. Shore, The Refractive index of curved spacetime: The Fate of causality in QED, Nucl. Phys. B 795 (2008) 138 [arXiv:0707.2303] [INSPIRE].
T.J. Hollowood and G.M. Shore, The Causal Structure of QED in Curved Spacetime: Analyticity and the Refractive Index, JHEP 12 (2008) 091 [arXiv:0806.1019] [INSPIRE].
T.J. Hollowood, G.M. Shore and R.J. Stanley, The Refractive Index of Curved Spacetime II: QED, Penrose Limits and Black Holes, JHEP 08 (2009) 089 [arXiv:0905.0771] [INSPIRE].
T.J. Hollowood and G.M. Shore, The Effect of Gravitational Tidal Forces on Renormalized Quantum Fields, JHEP 02 (2012) 120 [arXiv:1111.3174] [INSPIRE].
T.J. Hollowood and G.M. Shore, Causality Violation, Gravitational Shockwaves and UV Completion, JHEP 03 (2016) 129 [arXiv:1512.04952] [INSPIRE].
C. de Rham and A.J. Tolley, Speed of gravity, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 063518 [arXiv:1909.00881] [INSPIRE].
V. Kostelecky and R. Lehnert, Stability, causality, and Lorentz and CPT violation, Phys. Rev. D 63 (2001) 065008 [hep-th/0012060] [INSPIRE].
D. Colladay and V. Kostelecky, Lorentz violating extension of the standard model, Phys. Rev. D 58 (1998) 116002 [hep-ph/9809521] [INSPIRE].
J. Audretsch, Trajectories and Spin Motion of Massive Spin 1/2 Particles in Gravitational Fields, J. Phys. A 14 (1981) 411 [INSPIRE].
S. Dodelson, Modern Cosmology, Academic Press (2003).
D. Baumann, Cosmology, (2018) and online at http://cosmology.amsterdam/education/cosmology.
F.R. Klinkhamer and N.S. Manton, A Saddle Point Solution in the Weinberg-Salam Theory, Phys. Rev. D 30 (1984) 2212 [INSPIRE].
W. Buchmüller, Baryo- and leptogenesis (brief summary), ICTP Lect. Notes Ser. 14 (2003) 41 [INSPIRE].
W. Buchmüller, P. Di Bari and M. Plümacher, The Neutrino mass window for baryogenesis, Nucl. Phys. B 665 (2003) 445 [hep-ph/0302092] [INSPIRE].
M.S. Turner, Coherent Scalar Field Oscillations in an Expanding Universe, Phys. Rev. D 28 (1983) 1243 [INSPIRE].
L.H. Ford, Gravitational Particle Creation and Inflation, Phys. Rev. D 35 (1987) 2955 [INSPIRE].
P.J.E. Peebles and A. Vilenkin, Quintessential inflation, Phys. Rev. D 59 (1999) 063505 [astro-ph/9810509] [INSPIRE].
D.J.H. Chung, E.W. Kolb and A. Riotto, Production of massive particles during reheating, Phys. Rev. D 60 (1999) 063504 [hep-ph/9809453] [INSPIRE].
G.F. Giudice, E.W. Kolb and A. Riotto, Largest temperature of the radiation era and its cosmological implications, Phys. Rev. D 64 (2001) 023508 [hep-ph/0005123] [INSPIRE].
R. Samanta and S. Datta, Flavour effects in gravitational leptogenesis, arXiv:2007.11725 [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2006.09425
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
McDonald, J.I., Shore, G.M. Dynamical evolution of gravitational leptogenesis. J. High Energ. Phys. 2020, 25 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2020)025
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2020)025