Abstract
We employ the holographic quench technique to drive Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMs) black holes out of equilibrium and study the real-time dynamics therein. From the fully nonlinear dynamical simulations, a dynamically unstable Reissner-Nordström anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black hole can be scalarized spontaneously after an arbitrarily small quench. On the other hand, a dynamically stable scalarized black hole can be descalarized after a quench of sufficient strength. Interestingly, on the way to descalarization, the scalarized black hole behaves like a holographic superfluid, undergoing a dynamical transition from oscillatory to non-oscillatory decay. Such behaviors are related to the spectrums of quasi-normal modes of scalarized black holes, where the dominant mode migrates toward the imaginary axis with increasing quench strength. In addition, due to the ℤ2-symmetry preserved by the model, the ground state is degenerate. We find that there exists a threshold for the quench strength that induces a dynamical transition of the gravitational system from one degenerate ground state to the other. Near the threshold, the gravitational system is attracted to an excited state, that is, a RN-AdS black hole with dynamical instability.
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11975235, 12005077, 12035016, 12075026, 12275350, the National Key Research and Development Program of China Grant No. 2021YFC2203001 and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant No. 2021A1515012374.
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Chen, Q., Ning, Z., Tian, Y. et al. Time evolution of Einstein-Maxwell-scalar black holes after a thermal quench. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 176 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2023)176
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2023)176