Abstract
Layered palygorskite (PAL), commonly called attapulgite, is a natural inorganic clay mineral composed of magnesium silicate. In this study, an aqueous miscible organic solvent treatment method is adopted to prepare molybdenum-dotted palygorskite (Amo-PMo) nanoplatelets, which greatly improved the specific surface area of PAL and the dispersion effect in an oil-based lubricant system. Their layered structure and size were confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy. Following a tribological test lubricated with three additives (PAL, organic molybdenum (SN-Mo), and Amo-PMo), it was found that the sample of 0.5 wt% Amo-PMo exhibited the best tribological properties with a coefficient of friction of 0.09. Moreover, the resulting wear scar diameter and wear volume of the sliding ball surface were 63% and 49.6% of those lubricated with base oil, respectively. Its excellent lubricating performance and self-repairing ability were mainly attributed to the generated MoS2 adsorbed on the contact surfaces during the tribochemical reaction, thereby effectively preventing the direct collision between asperities on sliding solid surfaces. Thus, as-prepared Amo-PMo nanoplatelets show great potential as oil-based lubricant additives, and this study enriches the existing application of PAL in industry.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Kumar P, Wanii M F. Tribological characterisation of graphene oxide as lubricant additive on hypereutectic Al-25Si/ Steel tribopair. Tribol Trans612): 3–346 (2018)
Nian J Y, Chen L W, Guo Z G, Liui W M. Computational investigation of the lubrication behaviors of dioxides and disulfides of molybdenum and tungsten in vacuum. Friction51): 3–31 (2017)
Uflyand I E, Zhinzhilo V A, Burlakovai V E. Metal-containing nanomaterials as lubricant additives: State-of-the-art and future development. Friction72): 3–116 (2019)
Greco A, Mistry K, Sista V, Eryilmaz O, Erdemir A. Friction and wear behaviour of boron based surface treatment and nano-particle lubricant additives for wind turbine gearbox applications. Wear271(9–10): 1754–1760 (2011)
Silva A F T, Burggraeve A, Denon Q, Van der Meeren P, Sandler N, Van Den Kerkhof T, Hellings M, Vervaet C, Remon J P, Lopes J A, et al. Particle sizing measurements in pharmaceutical applications: Comparison of in-process methods versus off-line methods. Eur J Pharm Biopharm853): 3–1018 (2013)
Middea A, Fernandes T L A P, Neumann R, Gomes O D F M, Spinellii L S. Evaluation of Fe(III) adsorption onto palygorskite surfaces. Appl Surf Sci282: 253–258 (2013)
Kong Y, Ge H L, Xiong J X, Zuo S X, Wei Y, Yao C, Dengi L H. Palygorskite polypyrrole nanocomposite: A new platform for electrically tunable drug delivery. Appl Clay Sci99: 119–124 (2014)
Chen M D, Jiang W, Wang F H, Shen P, Ma P C, Gu J J, Mao J Y, Lii F S. Synthesis of highly hydrophobic floating magnetic polymer nanocomposites for the removal of oils from water surface. Appl Surf Sci286: 249–256 (2013)
Li X Z, Zhang Z S, Chao Y, Lu X W, Zhao X B, Nii C Y. Attapulgite-CeO2/MoS2 ternary nanocomposite for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization. Appl Surf Sci364: 589–596 (2016)
Lee J B. Effects of alloying elements, Cr, Mo and N on repassivation characteristics of stainless steels using the abrading electrode technique. Mater Chem Phys99(2–3): 224–234 (2006)
Wang Q, O’Hare D. Large-scale synthesis of highly dispersed layered double hydroxide powders containing delaminated single layer nanosheets. Chem Commun4956): 3–6303 (2013)
Zhang B S, Xu B S, Xu Y, Ba Z X, Wangi Z Z. Lanthanum effect on the tribological behaviors of natural serpentine as lubricant additive. Tribol Trans563): 3–427 (2013)
Qi X W, Jia Z N, Chen H M, Yang Y L, Wu Z. Self- repairing characteristics of serpentine mineral powder as an additive on steel-chromium plating pair under high temperature. Tribol Trans563): 3–520 (2013)
Yue W, Wang C B, Liu Y D, Huang H P, Wen Q F, Liui J J. Study of the regenerated layer on the worn surface of a cylinder liner lubricated by a novel silicate additive in lubricating oil. Tribol Trans532): 3–295 (2010)
Wang H D, Liu Y H, Liu W R, Wang R, Wen J G, Sheng H P, Peng J F, Erdemir A, Luoi J B. Tribological behavior of NiAl-Layered double hydroxide nanoplatelets as oil-based lubricant additives. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces9(36): 30891–30899 (2017)
Abdo J, Haneefi M D. Clay nanoparticles modified drilling fluids for drilling of deep hydrocarbon wells. Appl Clay Sci86: 76–82 (2013)
Lai S Q, Li T S, Liu X J, Lv R G, Yue L. The tribological properties of PTFE filled with thermally treated nano-attapulgite. Tribol Int396): 3–547 (2006)
Lai S Q, Li T S, Liu X J, Lvi R G. A study on the friction and wear behavior of PTFE filled with acid treated nano-attapulgite. Macromol Mater Eng28910): 3–922 (2004)
Nan F, Xu Y, Xu B S, Gao F, Wu Y X, Lii Z G. Effect of Cu nanoparticles on the tribological performance of attapulgite base grease. Tribol Trans586): 3–1038 (2015)
Feng N, Xu Y, Xu B S, Gao F, Wu Y X, Lii Z G. Tribological performance of attapulgite Nano-fiber/Spherical Nano-Ni as lubricant additive. Tribol Lett563): 3–541 (2014)
Tian G Y, Wang W B, Zong L, Kang Y R, Wangi A Q. From spent dye-loaded palygorskite to a multifunctional palygorskite/ carbon/Ag nanocomposite. RSC Adv648): 3–41706 (2016)
Zhong L F, Tang A D, Wen X, Yan P, Wang J J, Lin T, Chen J. New finding on Sb (2–3 nm) nanoparticles and carbon simultaneous anchored on the porous palygorskite with enhanced catalytic activity. J Alloys Compd743: 394–402 (2018)
Wang J Y, Huang L, Gao Y S, Yang R Y, Zhang Z, Guo Z H, Wang Q. A simple and reliable method for determining the delamination degree of nitrate and glycine intercalated LDHs in formamide. Chem Commun5070): 3–10132 (2014)
Xu Z P, Stevenson G, Lu C Q, Lui G Q. Dispersion and size control of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. J Phys Chem B11034): 3–16929 (2006)
Lakshminarayana G, Qiui J R. Photoluminescence of Pr3+, Sm3+ and Dy3+-doped SiO2-Al2O3-BaF2-GdF3 glasses. J Alloys Compd476(1–2): 470–476 (2009)
Jakiela R, Gas K, Sawicki M, Barcz A. Diffusion of Mn in gallium nitride: Experiment and modelling. J Alloys Compd771: 215–220 (2019)
Zou R B, Liu F F, Wang A L, Pan L C, Wangi Z L. Lasing mechanism of ZnO nanowires/nanobelts at room temperature. J Phys Chem B11026): 3–12873 (2006)
Stachowiak G W. Particle angularity and its relationship to abrasive and erosive wear. Wear2412): 3–219 (2000)
Grippaudo C, Cancellieri D, Grecolini M E, Deli R. Comparison between different interdental stripping methods and evaluation of abrasive strips: SEM analysis. Prog Orthod112): 3–137 (2010)
Martin J M, Le Mogne T, Grossiord C, Palermo T. Tribochemistry of ZDDP and MoDDP chemisorbed films. Tribol Lett23): 3–326 (1996)
Baker M A, Gilmore R, Lenardi C, Gissler W. XPS investigation of preferential sputtering of S from MoS2 and determination of MoSx stoichiometry from Mo and S peak positions. Appl Surf Sci150(1–4): 255–262 (1999)
Meyer E. Physics. Controlling friction atom by atom. Science348(6239): 1089 (2015)
Lahiri J, Lin Y, Bozkurt P, Oleynik I I, Batzill M. An extended defect in graphene as a metallic wire. Nat Nanotechnol55): 3–329 (2010)
Moncoffre N, Hollinger G, Jaffrezic H, Marest G, Tousset J. Temperature influence during nitrogen implantation into steel. Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res B7–8: 177–183 (1985)
Hamrock B J, Dowson D. Discussion: “Isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of point contacts: Part III-fully flooded results”. J Lubr Technol99: 275–276 (1977)
Dowson D. Tribological principles in metal-on-metal hip joint design. Proc Inst Mech Eng H2202): 3–171 (2006)
Etsion I. Modeling of surface texturing in hydrodynamic lubrication. Friction13): 3–209 (2013)
Luo J B, Lu X C, Weni S Z. Developments and unsolved problems in nano-lubrication. Progr Nat Sci113): 3–183 (2001)
Horne R A, Johnsoni D S. The viscosity of water under pressure. J Phys Chem707): 3–2190 (1966)
Mia S, Ohno N. Prediction of pressure-viscosity coefficient of lubricating oils based on sound velocity. Lubr Sci219): 3–354 (2009)
Xie G X, Luo J B, Liu S H, Guo D, Zhangi C H. “Freezing” of nanoconfined fluids under an electric field. Langmuir263): 3–1448 (2010)
Bertolazzi S, Brivio J, Kis A. Stretching and breaking of ultrathin MoS2. ACS Nano512): 3–9709 (2011)
Tu Q, Spanopoulos I, Yasaei P, Stoumpos C C, Kanatzidis M G, Shekhawat G S, Dravidi V P. Stretching and breaking of ultrathin 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. ACS Nano1210): 3–10354 (2018)
Klemenz A, Pastewka L, Balakrishna S G, Caron A, Bennewitz R, Moseler M. Atomic scale mechanisms of friction reduction and wear protection by graphene. Nano Lett1412): 3–7152 (2014)
Acknowledgements
This project was supported by Major Science and Technology Project in Guizhou Province (Grant No. Q.K.H.Z.D.Z.X.Zai][2019]_3016), National Natural Science Foundation of China 5152t Nos. 51527901, 51875303, 51905294, and 51465008, Science and Technology Innovation Team Project in Guizhou Province 2020t No. Q.K.H.P.T.R.Cai][2020]_5020, Preferred Project of Scientific and Technological Activities for Personnel Studying Abroad in Guizhou Province 2018t No. Q.R.X.M.Z.Z.H. T20180001, Science and Technology Planning Project in Guizhou Province 2017t No. Q.K.H.P.T.R. Cai][2017]_5788, and Training Plan for High-level Innovative Talent in Guizhou Province 2016t No. Q.K.H.P.T.R.C[2016]5659.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Kunpeng WANG. He obtained his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Guizhou University, China. After then, he is a Ph.D. student in mechanical engineering in Guizhou University. His research interests are interfacial sliding properties and applications of two-dimensional layered materials as lubricant additives.
Huaichao WU. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in 2008 from State Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission and Control, Zhejiang University, China. From April 2013 to April 2015, he carried out postdoctoral research in State key Laboratory of Tribology at Tsinghua University, China. He was invited to visit University of California, Davis, USA as a visiting scholar for one year in May 2016. He is now working as a professor in School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, China. He has been engaged in the research of friction, lubrication, and electrohydraulic control technology.
Hongdong WANG. He got his Ph.D. from State Key Laboratory of Tribology at Tsinghua University in 2018 and now is a postdoctor at Tsinghua University, China. His research topics focus on the water-based superlubricity and the application of two dimensional nanomaterials in tribology.
Yuhong LIU. She received her Ph.D. degree in Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure & Nano-technology Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing, China, in 2005. She is an associate professor at the State Key Laboratory of Tribology of Tsinghua University, China, from 2005. Her research areas cover nanotribology, nanostructure, nanotechnology of surface and interface, chemical-mechanical planarization, and water-based lubrication.
Lv YANG. He received his Ph.D. degree in 2012 from Guizhou University, China. He is currently an associate professor and master’s supervisor in School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University. His research areas cover lubricating oil/grease, nanomaterials, tribology, and surface engineering.
Limei ZHAO. She received her Ph.D. degree in 2013 from Guizhou University, China. She is currently an associate professor and master’s supervisor in School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University. Her research interests include friction, lubrication, and mechatronic engineering.
Electronic Supplementary Material
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, K., Wu, H., Wang, H. et al. Tribological properties of novel palygorskite nanoplatelets used as oil-based lubricant additives. Friction 9, 332–343 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0347-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0347-6