Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new viscosity-type iteration process for approximating a common solution of a finite family of split variational inclusion problem and fixed point problem. We prove that the proposed algorithm converges strongly to a common solution of a finite family of split variational inclusion problems and fixed point problem for a finite family of type-one demicontractive mappings between a Hilbert space and a Banach space. Furthermore, we applied our results to study a finite family of split convex minimization problems, and also considered a numerical experiment of our results to further illustrate its applicability. Our results extend and improve the results of Byrne et al. (J. Nonlinear Convex Anal. 13:759–775, 2012), Kazmi and Rizvi (Optim. Lett. 8(3):1113–1124, 2014), Moudafi (J. Optim. Theory Appl. 150:275–283, 2011), Shehu and Ogbuisi (Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat., Ser. A Mat. 110(2):503–518, 2016), Takahashi and Yao (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2015:87, 2015), Chidume and Ezeora (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2014:111, 2014), and a host of other important results in this direction.
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1 Introduction
Let H be a real Hilbert space, \(M:H\to 2^{H}\) be any multivalued mapping and \(N:H\to H\) be a single-valued mapping. The variational inclusion problem (VIP) is the problem of finding \(x^{*}\in H\) such that
One of the most popular and effective methods for solving the VIP (1.1) is the following forward–backward splitting method which includes the proximal point method and the gradient method (see [11, 26]): For any fixed \(x_{1}\in H\) and \(\lambda >0\):
If \(N\equiv 0\) in (1.1), then the VIP reduces to the following null point problem (NPP):
When M is monotone, problems (1.1) and (1.2) are known to be the most important problems in monotone operator theory, nonlinear and convex analysis, due to the role they play in optimization, variational inequalities, semi group theory and evolution equations, among others. Moreover, many mathematical problems such as optimization problems, equilibrium problems, variational inequality problems, saddle point problems, etc., can be modeled as (1.2) or more generally, (1.1) (see [8, 15, 23, 29, 37]). Thus, VIPs and NPPs are of central importance in nonlinear and convex analysis. As a result of this, many authors have studied VIPs and NPPs in both Hilbert and Banach spaces (see [1, 2, 10, 11, 26, 28] and the references therein).
The study of VIPs and NPPs has been extended to the study of split variational inclusion problem (SVIP) and split common null point problem (SCNPP), respectively. The development of these split-type problems can be traced to the split feasibility problem (SFP), introduced by Censor and Elfving [9] as follows: Find
where C and Q are nonempty closed and convex subsets of \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) and \(\mathbb{R}^{m}\), respectively, and A is an \(m\times n\) real matrix. The SFP is well known to have wide applications in many fields such as phase retrieval, medical image reconstruction, signal processing, radiation therapy treatment planning, among others (see [7, 9] and the references therein). The SFP was also studied by Byrne [6] using the following CQ-iterative algorithm:
where \(\gamma \in (0,\frac{2}{\lambda })\) with λ being the spectral radius of the operator \(A^{*}A\). Byrne [6] proved that the sequence generated by Algorithm (1.4) converges weakly to a solution of (1.3).
In 2012, Byrne et al. [8] extended the NPP (1.2) to the following SCNPP: Find \(x^{*}\in H_{1}\) such that
and
where \(H_{1}\) and \(H_{2}\) are two real Hilbert spaces, \(M_{1}\) and \(M_{2}\) are two multivalued maximal monotone mappings and A is a bounded linear operator from \(H_{1}\) to \(H_{2}\). Byrne et al. [8] proposed the following algorithm to solve problem (1.5)–(1.6): For a given \(x_{1}\in H_{1}\), the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) is given by
where \(J_{\lambda }^{M_{1}}\) is the resolvent of \(M_{1}\) defined by \(J_{\lambda }^{M_{1}}:=(I+\lambda M_{1})^{-1}\). Furthermore, they obtained both weak and strong convergence of the proposed algorithm. Motivated by the work of Byrne et al. [8], Kazmi and Rizvi [25] introduced the following iterative algorithm for approximating a solution of SCNPP (1.5)–(1.6) which is also a fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping S in real Hilbert spaces: For a given \(x_{1}\in H_{1}\), let the sequences \(\{u_{n}\}\) and \(\{x_{n}\}\) be generated by
where f is a contraction mapping on \(H_{1}\). Using (1.7), they proved that both \(\{u_{n}\}\) and \(\{x_{n}\}\) converge strongly to \(z\in F(S)\cap \varGamma \), where Γ is the solution set of SCNPP (1.5)–(1.6).
In 2011, Moudafi [29] introduced and studied the following type of split problem, called the split variational inclusion problem (SVIP), which naturally extends the SCNPP and the VIP (1.1): Find
and such that \(y^{*}=Ax^{*}\in H_{2}\) solves
where \(M_{1} :H_{1}\rightarrow 2^{H_{1}}\) and \(M_{2} :H_{2}\rightarrow 2^{H_{2}}\) are multivalued mappings, A is a bounded linear operator from \(H_{1}\) to \(H_{2}\), \(N_{1}:H_{1}\to H_{1}\) and \(N_{2}:H_{2} \to H_{2}\) are single-valued operators. Note that if (1.8) and (1.9) are considered separately, then (1.8) is a VIP with its solution set \((M_{1}+N_{1})^{-1}(0)\) and (1.9) is another VIP with its solution set \((M_{2}+N_{2})^{-1}(0)\). In [29], Moudafi proved that \(x^{*}\in (M_{1}+N_{1})^{-1}(0)\) if and only if \(x^{*}=J_{\lambda }^{M_{1}}(I-\lambda N_{1})(x^{*})\), \(\forall \lambda >0\). It was also shown in [29] that, if \(N_{1}\) is an α-inverse strongly monotone mapping and \(M_{1}\) is a maximal monotone mapping, then \(J_{\lambda }^{M_{1}}(I-\lambda f)\) is averaged with \(0<\lambda <2\alpha \). Hence, \(J_{\lambda }^{M_{1}}(I-\lambda f)\) is a nonexpansive mapping with \(0<\lambda <2\alpha \). Also, Moudafi [29] proposed the following iterative algorithm and obtained its weak convergence to a solution of problem (1.8)–(1.9): For \(x_{1}\in H_{1}\), the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) is generated by
where \(\gamma \in (0,\frac{1}{L})\) with L being the spectral radius of the operator \(A^{*}A\). Based on the work of Moudafi [29], Kazmi and Rizvi [25], Shehu and Ogbuisi [35] proposed the following iterative algorithm for approximating a solution of SVIP (1.8)–(1.9), which is also a fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping S: For \(x_{1} \in H_{1}\), let the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) be generated by
As observed by Moudafi, the SVIP can be viewed as an important generalization of the split fixed point problem, split variational inequality problem and the SFP (see [32, 40,41,42]). Furthermore, SVIPs are generally known to be very useful in the study of wide classes of problems, especially problems arising from mechanics, optimization, nonlinear programming, economics, finance, applied sciences, among others. For more results on SVIP see [15, 22,23,24, 34] and the references therein.
Recently, Takahashi and Yao [38] studied the SCNPP in a more general setting, that is, when A is a bounded linear operator from a Hilbert space to a Banach space. In fact, they established the following result.
Theorem 1.1
Let H be a real Hilbert space and E be a uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Let \(M_{1}:H\to 2^{H}\) and \(M_{2}:E \to 2^{E^{*}}\) be two multivalued maximal monotone mappings such that \(\varOmega :=M_{1}^{-1}(0)\cap A^{-1}(M_{2}^{-1}(0))\neq \emptyset \). Let \(A:H\to E\) be a bounded linear operator such that \(A\neq 0\) and \(A^{*}:E^{*}\to H\) be the adjoint of the operator A. Let \(x_{1} \in H\) be arbitrary and the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) be defined iteratively by
where \(\{\alpha _{n}\}\) is a sequence in \([0, 1]\), \(\{\lambda _{n}\}\) and \(\{\mu _{n}\}\) are sequences in \((0, \infty )\) such that \(0\leq \alpha _{n}\leq a<1\), \(0< b\leq \mu _{n}\) and \(0< c\leq \lambda _{n} \|A\|^{2} \leq d<2\) for some \(a, b, c, d\in \mathbb{R}\). Then \(\{x_{n}\}\) converges strongly to a point \(z_{0}\in \varOmega \), where \(z_{0}=P_{ \varOmega }x_{1}\).
On the other hand, the approximation of fixed points of multivalued mappings with respect to Hausdorff metric has been an area of great research interest due to its numerous applications in diverse areas such as game theory, mathematical economics, non-smooth differential equations and others. Thus, it has continued to attract the interest of numerous researchers (see, for example [4, 19, 30]). Recently, Chidume and Ezeora [13] introduced and studied a Krasnoselskii-type algorithm, and proved its strong convergence to a common fixed point of a finite family of multivalued strictly pseudocontractive mappings in a real Hilbert space. More precisely, they proved the following result.
Theorem 1.2
Let C be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of a real Hilbert space H and \(S_{i}:C\to CB(C)\) be a finite family of multivalued \(\theta _{i}\)-strictly pseudocontractive mappings, \(\theta _{i}\in (0, 1)\), \(i=1,2, \ldots , m\) such that \(\bigcap_{i=1}^{m} F(S_{i})\neq \emptyset \). Assume that, for \(p\in \bigcap_{i=1}^{m} F(S_{i})\), \(S_{i}p=\{p\}\) and \(S_{i}\), \(i=1,2, \ldots , m\) is hemicompact and continuous. Let \(\{x_{n}\}\) be a sequence defined for \(x_{0}\in C\), by
where \(y_{n}^{i}\in S_{i} x_{n}\), \(n\geq 1\) and \(\alpha _{i}\in (\theta , 1)\), \(i=0,1,\ldots , m\) such that \(\sum_{i=1}^{m}\alpha _{i} =1\) with \(\theta :=\max \{\theta _{i}, i=1,\ldots , m\}\). Then the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) converges strongly to an element of \(\bigcap_{i=1}^{m} F(S _{i})\).
In the course of proving Theorem 1.2, Chidume and Ezeora [13] considered the following lemma (see also [14]).
Lemma 1.3
Let H be a real Hilbert space and \(\{x_{i}, i=1, 2,\ldots , m\}\subset H\). For \(\alpha _{i}\in (0, 1)\), \(i=1,2,\ldots , m\) such that \(\sum_{i=1} ^{m}\alpha _{i} =1\), the following identity holds:
We now make the following observations about Lemma 1.3 and Algorithm (1.12).
Remark 1.4
Lemma 1.3 was established under the assumption that \(\sum_{i=1} ^{m}\alpha _{i}=1\), and since then many authors have used this assumption for the study of finite family of nonlinear problems (see [11, 36, 37] and the references therein). However, we observe that in a more general case where \(\{\alpha _{n}^{i}\}\) is not necessarily a constant sequence, it may be difficult to construct such sequences \(\{\alpha _{n}^{i}\}\), \(i=1,2,3,\ldots , m\) whose sum is 1 for some large m. Therefore, it is of practical computational importance to consider the following question.
Question
Can we obtain a similar result without this assumption?
Our interest, among others, is to answer this question in the affirmative.
Remark 1.5
-
(i)
The choice of the stepsize, \(0< c\leq \lambda _{n}\|A\|^{2} \leq d<2\) used in Theorem 1.1 and some other corresponding results, requires the computation of the norm of A which in general is a very difficult task to accomplish as shown in the following result.
Theorem 1.6
([16, Theorem 2.3])
Let \(p\in [1, \infty )\) be a rational number except for \(p=1, 2\). Unless \(P=NP\), there is no algorithm which computes the p-norm of a matrix with entries in \(\{-1, 0, 1\}\) to relative error with running time polynomial in the dimensions.
-
(ii)
Algorithm (1.12) requires at each step of the iteration process, the computation of two subsets \(C_{n}\) and \(Q_{n}\), the computation of their intersection \(C_{n}\cap Q_{n}\) and the computation of the projection of the initial starting point onto this intersection; thus, leading to an increase in the computational cost of the iteration. Hence, algorithms that do not involve the construction of \(C_{n}\) and \(Q_{n}\) are more interesting and of practical computational importance since they are easy to compute than those that involve these constructions. The desire to search for these algorithms, impels, urges and motivates us to undertake this research. The work of Kazmi and Rizvi [25], Moudafi [29], Shehu and Ogbuisi [35], Takahashi and Yao [38], Chidume and Ezeora [13] provides similar stimulus.
Our purposes in this paper are highlighted in the following approach: First, to study an extension of the SCNPP (1.5)–(1.6) to the following finite family of split problem: Find \(x^{*}\in \bigcap_{k=1} ^{K} F(S^{k})\) such that
and
where H is a real Hilbert space, E is uniformly convex and uniformly smooth real Banach space, \(S^{k}:H\to P(H)\), \(k=1,2,\ldots , K\) is a finite family of type-one demicontractive mappings, \(M^{j}:H\to 2^{H}\), \(j=1,2, \ldots , J\) and \(M^{i}:E\to 2^{E^{*}}\), \(i=1,2,\ldots , I\) are two finite families of multivalued maximal monotone mappings, \(N^{j}:H\to H\) is a finite family of α-inverse strongly monotone mappings and \(A^{i}\) (for each \(i=1,2,\ldots , I\)) are bounded linear operators from H to E. Second, we propose a new viscosity-type iteration process that does not involve the construction of either \(C_{n}\) or \(Q_{n}\) (or both). Also, the choice of the stepsize adopted for our computation does not require prior knowledge of the operator norm. Furthermore, our control sequences do not require the imposition that their sum equals unity. Third, using our proposed algorithm, we state and prove strong convergence theorem for approximating a solution of problem (1.15)–(1.16). Fourth, we apply our results to study a finite family of split convex minimization problems, and finally consider a numerical experiment of our results to further illustrate their applicability. Our results extend and improve the results of Byrne et al. [8], Kazmi and Rizvi [25], Moudafi [29], Shehu and Ogbuisi [35], Takahashi and Yao [38], Chidume and Ezeora [13], and a host of other important results in this direction.
2 Preliminaries
In this section, we recall some useful definitions and results that are needed in the proof of the main results. Also, we shall denote the real Hilbert space by H, weak and strong convergence by ⇀ and →, respectively.
Let \((X,d)\) be a metric space, \(2^{X}\) be the family of all nonempty subsets of X and \(CB(X)\) be the family of all nonempty, closed and bounded subsets of X. Let \(\mathcal{H}\) denote the Hausdorff metric induced by the metric d, that is, for all \(A,B\in CB(X)\),
where \(d(a,B):=\inf_{b\in B}d(a,b)\).
A subset K of X is called proximinal if for each \(x\in X\), there exists \(k\in K\) such that
It is well known that every closed convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach space is proximinal. We shall denote the family of all proximinal subsets of X by \(P(X)\), for a nonempty set X.
Let \(S:H\to 2^{H}\) be a multivalued mapping, a point \(x\in H\) is called a fixed point of S if \(x\in Sx\). If \(Sx=\{x\}\), then x is called a strict fixed point of S. Throughout this paper, we shall denote the set of fixed points of S by \(F(S)\).
A multivalued mapping S is said to be nonexpansive, if
and quasi-nonexpansive, if \(F(S)\neq \emptyset \) and for all \(p\in F(S)\),
Clearly, every nonexpansive mapping with nonempty fixed point set is quasi-nonexpansive.
S is called θ-strictly pseudocontractive in the sense of Isiogugu [17], if there exists \(\theta \in [0,1)\) such that \(\forall x,y\in H\) and \(u\in Sx\) there exists \(v\in Sy\) satisfying \(\|u-v\|\leq \mathcal{H}(Sx,Sy)\) and
and demicontractive in the sense of Isiogugu and Osilike [19], if \(F(S)\neq \emptyset \) and for all \(p\in F(S)\), \(x\in H\) there exists \(\theta \in [0,1)\) such that
Every nonexpansive mapping is 0-strictly pseudocontractive mapping and every quasi-nonexpansive mapping is a demicontractive mapping with \(\theta =0\).
The multivalued mapping S is said to be of type-one in the sense of Isiogugu et al. [21] (see also [20]), if given any pair \(x,y \in H\), then
where \(P_{S}x :=\{u\in Sx: \|u - x\| = d(x,Sx)\}\).
A single-valued mapping \(f:H\rightarrow H\) is called contraction, if there exists \(\rho \in (0, 1)\) such that
If \(\rho =1\), then f is called nonexpansive. Furthermore, if \(f_{n} : H \to H \) is a uniformly convergent sequence of contractions, then there exists a sequence of real numbers \(\rho _{n} \in (0,1)\) such that
A mapping \(f:H\rightarrow H\) is said to be
-
(i)
Lipschitz, if there exists a constant \(L>0\) such that
$$ \Vert fx-fy \Vert \leq L \Vert x-y \Vert ,\quad \forall x, y\in H, $$ -
(ii)
monotone, if
$$ \langle fx-fy, x-y\rangle \geq 0,\quad \forall x,y\in H, $$ -
(iii)
α-inverse strongly monotone, if there exists a constant \(\alpha >0\) such that
$$ \langle fx-fy, x-y\rangle \geq \alpha \Vert fx-fy \Vert ^{2},\quad \forall x,y\in H. $$
If \(\alpha =1\), then f is called firmly nonexpansive. Moreover, if f is α-inverse strongly monotone, then it is \(\frac{1}{ \alpha }\)-Lipschitz continuous.
Let E be a real Banach space with \(\operatorname{dim} E\geq 2\), then the modulus of convexity of E denoted by \(\delta _{E}:[0,2]\rightarrow [0,1]\) is defined by
We say that E is uniformly convex if \(\delta _{E}(\epsilon ) > 0\), for any \(\epsilon \in (0, 2]\) and p-uniformly convex, if there exists \(c_{p} > 0\) such that \(\delta _{E}(\epsilon ) \geq c_{p}\epsilon ^{p}\) for any \(\epsilon \in (0, 2]\).
The modulus of smoothness of E denoted by \(\rho _{E}(\tau ):[0, \infty )\rightarrow [0,\infty )\) is defined by
If \(\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty }(\frac{\rho _{E}(\tau )}{\tau })=0\), then we say that E is uniformly smooth. Also, if there exists \(c_{q} > 0\) such that \(\rho _{E} (\tau )\leq c_{q} \tau ^{q}\) for any \(\tau > 0\), then we say that E is q-uniformly smooth. It is generally known that p-uniformly convex Banach spaces are uniformly convex while q-uniformly smooth Banach spaces are uniformly smooth. Moreover, E is uniformly smoooth if and only if its dual space \(E^{*}\) is unformly convex. Examples of uniformly smooth Banach spaces includes Hilbert spaces, \(L_{p}\) (or \(l_{p}\)) spaces, \(1< p<\infty \), and the Sobolev spaces \(W_{m}^{p}\), \(1< p<\infty \) (see [12]). Also, it is well known (see [43]) that
The normalized duality mapping \(J_{E}:E\to 2^{E^{*}}\) is defined by
If E is a Hilbert space, then \(J_{E}=I\), where I is the identity mapping. Also, if E is a real uniformly smooth and uniformly convex Banach space, then \(J_{E}\) and \(J^{-1}:E^{*}\to E\) are single valued. Moreover, \(J_{E} J^{-1}=I_{E^{*}}\) and \(J^{-1}J_{E}=I_{E}\) (see [12]).
A multivalued mapping \(M:E\rightarrow 2^{E^{*}}\) is called monotone, if
where \(D(M)\) is the domain of M. M is called maximal monotone if the graph \(G(M)\) of M defined by
is not properly contained in the graph of any other monotone mapping. It is known that if M is a maximal monotone operator, then \(R(I+\lambda J^{-1} M)=E\), where \(R(I+\lambda J^{-1} M)\) is the range of \((I+\lambda J^{-1} M)\) (see [33]). Also, if E is uniformly convex and smooth, then M is maximal monotone if and only if \(R(J+\lambda M)=E^{*}\) for \(\lambda >0\) (see [5]). Hence, \(R(I+\lambda J^{-1} M)=E\).
For a maximal monotone mapping M, the metric resolvent \(T^{M}_{ \lambda }:R(I+\lambda J^{-1} M)=E\to D(M)\) of M is defined by \(T^{M}_{\lambda }x=(I+\lambda J^{-1} M)^{-1}x\), \(\forall \lambda >0\), \(x \in E\). It is known that \(T^{M}_{\lambda }\) is single valued and nonexpansive. Moreover, \(0\in Mx\) if and only if \(x=T^{M}_{\lambda }x\) (see [31]). Furthermore, \(T_{\lambda }^{M}\) satisfies the following property (see [3, p. 4]):
If E is a real Hilbert space, then the metric resolvent \(T^{M}_{ \lambda }\) of M is simply called the resolvent of M and it is defined by
For the rest of this paper, we shall denote the metric resolvent of M by \(T_{\lambda }^{M}\) and the resolvent of M by \(J_{\lambda } ^{M}\) for all \(\lambda >0\).
Definition 2.1
A multivalued mapping \(S: H \to P(H)\) is said to be demiclosed at the origin, if for any sequence \(\{x_{n}\} \subset H\) with \(x_{n} \rightharpoonup x \) and \(d(x_{n},Sx_{n}) \to 0\), \(n \to \infty \), we have \(x\in Sx\).
Lemma 2.2
([44])
Let C be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of a real uniformly smooth Banach space E and \(S: C \rightarrow C\) be a nonexpansive mapping. If \(x_{n} \rightharpoonup x\in C\) and \(\|x_{n}-Sx_{n}\| \rightarrow 0\), then \(x=Sx\).
Lemma 2.3
([12])
Let H be a real Hilbert space, then, for all \(x, y\in H\) and \(\alpha \in (0, 1)\), the following hold:
-
(i)
\(2\langle x,y\rangle =\|x\|^{2}+\|y\|^{2}-\|x-y\|^{2}=\|x+y\|^{2}-\|x\|^{2}-\|y\|^{2}\),
-
(ii)
\(\|\alpha x+(1-\alpha ) y\|^{2}=\alpha \|x\|^{2}+(1- \alpha )\|y\|^{2}-\alpha (1-\alpha )\|x-y\|^{2}\),
-
(iii)
\(\|x+y\|^{2}\leq \|x\|^{2}+ 2\langle y, x+y\rangle \).
Lemma 2.4
([39])
Let \(\{a_{n}\}\) be a sequence of non-negative real numbers such that
where
-
(i)
\(\{t_{n}\} \subset [0,1]\), \(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }t_{n} = \infty \),
-
(ii)
\(\limsup \sigma _{n} \leq 0 \),
-
(iii)
\(\delta _{n} \geq 0 \), \(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }\delta _{n} < \infty \).
Then \(a_{n} \to 0\) as \(n \to \infty \).
Lemma 2.5
([27])
Let \(\{\varGamma _{n}\}\) be a sequence of real numbers that does not decrease at infinity, in the sense that there exists a subsequence \(\{\varGamma _{n_{j}}\}_{j\geq 0}\) of \(\{\varGamma _{n}\}\) such that
Also consider the sequence of integers \(\{\tau (n)\}_{n\geq n_{0}}\) defined by
Then \(\{\varGamma _{n}\}_{n\geq n_{0}}\) is a nondecreasing sequence such that \(\tau (n)\to \infty \), as \(n\to 0\), and for all \(n\geq n_{0}\), the following two estimates hold:
Lemma 2.6
Let H be a real Hilbert space. Let \(M:H\to 2^{H}\) be a monotone mapping and \(N:H\to H\) be any nonlinear mapping. Suppose that \(z=J_{\lambda }^{M}(I-\lambda N)x\) and \(w=J_{\mu }^{M}(I-\mu N)x\), for \(0<\lambda \leq \mu \), then
Let K be a nonempty closed and convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Suppose that \(\{T_{i}\}_{i=1}^{N}\), \(N\geq 2\), is a countable finite family of mappings \(T_{i}:K\rightarrow K\), in [18] the authors consider the horizontal iteration process generated from an arbitrary \(x_{1}\) for the finite family of mappings \(\{T^{i}\}_{i=1} ^{N}\), using a finite family of the control sequences \(\{\{\alpha _{n} ^{i}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\}_{i=1}^{N}\) as follows.
For \(N=2\),
For \(N=3\),
For an arbitrary but finite \(N \geq 2\),
The proofs of the following lemmas (Lemmas 2.7 and 2.10) are given in [18]. However, we reproduce the proofs here for avoidance of doubt.
Lemma 2.7
Let \(\{\alpha _{i}\}_{i=1}^{N}\) be a countable subset of the set of real numbers \(\mathbb{R}\), where \(N\geq 2\) is an arbitrary integer. Then the following holds:
Proof
For \(N=2\),
We assume it is true for N and prove for \(N+1\).
□
Remark 2.8
Lemma 2.7 holds if \(\{\alpha _{i}\}_{i=1}^{N}\) is replaced with \(\{\alpha _{i}\}_{i=0}^{N}\), and \(N\geq 2\) is replaced with \(N\geq 1\).
Lemma 2.9
Let \(\{\alpha _{i}\}_{i=k}^{N}\) be a countable subset of the set of real numbers \(\mathbb{R}\), where k is a fixed non-negative integer and \(N\in \mathbb{N}\) is any integer with \(k+1\leq N\). Then the following holds:
Proof
For \(k=0\) and \(k=1\), the proofs follow from Remark 2.8 and Lemma 2.7, respectively.
We assume it is true for k and N. Now for k and \(N+1\),
□
Lemma 2.10
Let t, u and v be arbitrary elements of a real Hilbert space H. Let k be a fixed non-negative integer and \(N\in \mathbb{N}\) be such that \(k+1\leq N\). Let \(\{v_{i}\}_{i=k}^{N-1}\subseteq H\) and \(\{\alpha _{i} \}_{i=k}^{N}\subseteq [0,1]\) be a countable finite subset of H and \(\mathbb{R}\), respectively. Define
Then
where \(w_{k}=\sum_{i=k+1}^{N}\alpha _{i}\prod_{j=k}^{i-1}(1- \alpha _{j})v_{i-1}+\prod_{j=k}^{N}(1-\alpha _{j})v\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots, N-1\) and \(w_{N}=(1-\alpha _{N})v\).
Proof
Observe that, for \(k\leq N-1\), \(w_{k}=(1-\alpha _{k})[ \alpha _{k+1}v_{k}+w_{k+1}]\). Consequently, we obtain from Lemma 2.3(ii)
□
3 Main results
Lemma 3.1
Let H be a real Hilbert space and E be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Let \(j=1,2,\ldots,J\), \(i=1, 2,\ldots, I\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots, K\), for some \(J, I, K\in \mathbb{N}\). For each i, j, k, let \(A^{i}:H \to E \) be a bounded linear operator and \((A^{i})^{*}:E^{*}\to H\) be the adjoint of \(A^{i}\), let \(M^{j}:H \to 2^{H}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping, \(N^{j}: H \to H\) be an \(\alpha ^{j}\)-inverse strongly monotone mapping, \(S^{k}: H \to P(H)\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots , K\), be a finite family of multivalued type-one demicontractive mappings with coefficient \(\theta ^{k}\in [0, 1)\), and \(Q^{i}:E\to 2^{E^{*}}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping such that \(\varUpsilon :\bigcap_{k=1} ^{K}F(S^{k})\cap \bigcap_{j=1}^{J} (M^{j}+N^{j})^{-1}(0) \cap \bigcap_{i=1}^{I} (A^{i})^{-1}((Q^{i})^{-1}(0)) \neq \emptyset \). Let the stepsize \(\gamma _{n}^{i}\) be chosen such that, for some \(\epsilon ^{i} >0\), \(\gamma _{n}^{i} \in \big (\epsilon ^{i},\frac{2 {\|A^{i}x_{n} - T^{Q^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}}A^{i}x_{n}\|}^{2}}{{\|(A^{i})^{*}J _{E}(A^{i}x_{n}-T^{M^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}} A^{i}x_{n})\|}^{2}} - \epsilon ^{i} \big )\), if \(T^{Q^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}}A^{i}x_{n} \neq A^{i}x_{n}\); otherwise \(\gamma _{n}^{i} = \gamma ^{i}\) (\(\gamma ^{i}\) being any nonnegative real number). Let \(f_{n} : H \to H \) be a sequence of \(\rho _{n}\)-contractive mappings with \(0<\underline{\rho}\leq \rho _{n} \leq \bar{\rho } < 1\) such that \(\{f_{n}(x)\}\) is uniformly convergent for any \(x\in D\), where D is any bounded subset of H. For arbitrary \(x_{1} \in H\), define the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) iterative by
where \(u_{n}^{k}\in P_{S^{k}}x_{n}:=\{u_{n}^{k}\in S^{k} x_{n}: \|u _{n}^{k}-x_{n}\|=d(x_{n}, S^{k} x_{n})\}\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots, K\), \(\mu >0\), \(\nu \in (0,1)\), \(0<\lambda ^{j}\leq \lambda _{n}^{j}< 2\alpha ^{j}\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{1}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{2}\}_{n=1} ^{\infty }\), \(\{\alpha _{n}^{j}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\eta _{n}^{i}\} _{n=1}^{\infty }\) and \(\{\zeta _{n}^{k}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) are real sequences in \((0,1)\) such that \(\zeta _{n}^{1}\geq \theta ^{k}\) \(\forall n\geq 1\), \(k=1,2,\ldots , K\).
Then the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) is bounded.
Proof
Let \(q\in \varUpsilon \), then, for each \(i=1, 2, \ldots , I\), we obtain from (3.1) and (2.6)
From (3.1), (3.2), Lemma 2.7 and Lemma 2.10 (that is, setting \(k=1\) in Lemma 2.10), we obtain
Let \(m_{n} = \nu u_{n} + (1-\nu )y_{n}\). Then, by (3.3), (3.4), Lemmas 2.7 and 2.10, we obtain
Since \(S^{k}\) is of type-one demicontractive for each \(k=1, 2, \ldots , K\), we obtain from (3.1), and Lemmas 2.7 and 2.10
Substituting (3.6) into (3.5), we obtain
From (3.1) and (3.7), we obtain
By the uniform convergence of \(\{f_{n}(x)\}\) on any bounded subset D of H, and since \(\{q\}\) is bounded, there exists \(M >0\) such that \(\|f_{n}(q) - q\| \leq M\), \(\forall n \geq 1\). Hence, we have
Therefore, \(\{x_{n}\}\) is bounded. □
Theorem 3.2
Let H be a real Hilbert space and E be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Let \(j=1,2,\ldots,J\), \(i=1, 2,\ldots, I\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots, K\), for some \(J, I, K\in \mathbb{N}\). For each i, j, k, let \(A^{i}:H \to E \) be a bounded linear operator and \((A^{i})^{*}:E^{*}\to H\) be the adjoint of \(A^{i}\), let \(M^{j}:H \to 2^{H}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping, \(N^{j}: H \to H\) be an \(\alpha ^{j}\)-inverse strongly monotone mapping, \(S^{k}: H \to P(H)\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots , K\) be a finite family of multivalued type-one demicontractive mappings with coefficient \(\theta ^{k}\in [0, 1)\) such that \((I-S^{k})\) is demiclosed at zero, and \(Q^{i}:E\to 2^{E^{*}}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping such that \(\varUpsilon :\bigcap_{k=1}^{K}F(S^{k})\cap \bigcap_{j=1}^{J} (M^{j}+N^{j})^{-1}(0) \cap \bigcap_{i=1} ^{I} (A^{i})^{-1}((Q^{i})^{-1}(0)) \neq \emptyset \). Let the stepsize \(\gamma _{n}^{i}\) be chosen such that, for some \(\epsilon ^{i} >0\), \(\gamma _{n}^{i} \in \big (\epsilon ^{i},\frac{2{\|A^{i}x_{n} - T^{Q ^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}}A^{i}x_{n}\|}^{2}}{{\|(A^{i})^{*}J_{E}(A^{i}x_{n}-T ^{M^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}} A^{i}x_{n})\|}^{2}} - \epsilon ^{i} \big )\), if \(T^{Q^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}}A^{i}x_{n} \neq A^{i}x_{n}\); otherwise \(\gamma _{n}^{i} = \gamma ^{i}\) (\(\gamma ^{i}\) being any nonnegative real number). Let \(f_{n} : H \to H \) be a sequence of \(\rho _{n}\)-contractive mappings with \(0<\underline{\rho}\leq \rho _{n} \leq \bar{\rho } < 1\) such that \(\{f_{n}(x)\}\) is uniformly convergent for any \(x\in D\), where D is any bounded subset of H. For arbitrary \(x_{1} \in H\), define the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) iterative by (3.1), where \(\mu >0\), \(\nu \in (0,1)\), \(0<\lambda ^{j}\leq \lambda _{n}^{j}< 2\alpha ^{j}\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{1}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{2}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\eta _{n}^{i}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) and \(\{\zeta _{n}^{k}\}_{n=1} ^{\infty }\) are real sequences in \((0,1)\) satisfying the following conditions:
-
(i)
\(\lim_{n \to \infty }\beta _{n}^{1} = 0 \) and \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }\beta _{n}^{1}=\infty \);
-
(ii)
\(0<\epsilon _{1}\leq \beta _{n}^{2}\);
-
(iii)
\(\zeta _{n}^{1}\geq \max \{\theta ^{k}, k=1,2,\ldots , K\}\), \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\zeta _{n}^{k}\prod_{t=1}^{k-1}(1- \zeta _{n}^{t})(\zeta _{n}^{1}-\theta ^{k-1})>0\), \(k= 2, 3, \ldots, (K-1)\);
-
(iv)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{K}(1- \zeta _{n}^{t})(\zeta _{n}^{1}-\theta ^{K})>0\);
-
(v)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\eta _{n}^{i}\prod_{t=1} ^{i-1}(1-\eta _{n}^{t})>0\), \(i= 2, 3, \ldots, (I-1)\) and \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{I}(1-\eta _{n}^{t})>0\);
-
(vi)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\alpha _{n}^{j}\prod_{t=1}^{j-1}(1-\alpha _{n}^{t})>0\), \(j= 2, 3, \ldots, (J-1)\) and \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{J}(1-\alpha _{n}^{t})>0\).
Then the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) converges strongly to an element of ϒ.
Proof
Let \(q\in \varUpsilon \), then from (3.1), (3.7) and Lemma 2.3, we obtain
We now divide the rest of the proof into two cases.
Case 1. Suppose that there exists \(n_{0} \in \mathbb{N}\) such that \(\{\|x_{n} - q\|\}_{n=n_{0}}^{\infty }\) is nonincreasing. Then, by Lemma 3.1, \(\{\|x_{n} - q\|\}\) converges. Thus,
By (3.3) and (3.10), we obtain
By the conditions on the control sequences, we obtain
By the condition on \(\{\gamma _{n}^{i}\}\), we obtain
Also, from (3.2), (3.12) and (3.13), we obtain
Hence,
By (3.8), we have
for some \(M_{1} >0\) and this implies that
Hence, by (3.1) and condition (i), we obtain
From (3.7) and (3.16), we obtain
which implies from condition (vi) that
Since \(0<\lambda ^{j}\leq \lambda ^{j}_{n}\), by Lemma 2.6, we obtain
Similarly, we obtain from (3.7) and (3.16)
which implies that
Therefore,
Since \(\{x_{n}\}\) is bounded (by Lemma 3.1), there exists a subsequence \(\{x_{n_{j}}\}\) of \(\{x_{n}\}\) such that \(x_{n_{j}} \rightharpoonup x^{*} \in H\), and by the demiclosedness of \((I-S^{k})\) (for each k) at zero and (3.21), we have \(x^{*}\in \bigcap_{k=1} ^{K} F(S^{k})\). Moreover,
which implies from (3.12) that
Furthermore, \(A^{i}\) is a bounded linear operator for each \(i=1,2, \ldots , I\), so \(\{A^{i}x_{n_{j}}\}\) converges weakly to \(A^{i}x^{*} \in E\). Also, \(T^{Q}_{\mu ^{i}}\) is nonexpansive, thus, by (3.15) and the demiclosedness of \((I-T^{Q_{i}}_{\mu ^{i}})\) at 0, we obtain
Similarly, we obtain from (3.19) and (3.22)
Therefore, we conclude that \(x^{*}\in \varUpsilon \).
Meanwhile, since \(\{f_{n}(x)\}\) is uniformly convergent on any bounded subset of H and \(\{x^{*}\}\) is bounded, we can set \(f(x^{*})= \lim_{n\to \infty }f_{n}(x^{*})\). Thus, we obtain
By replacing q with \(x^{*}\) in (3.8), we get
Using Lemma 2.4, we obtain \(x_{n} \to x^{*} \in \varUpsilon \) as \(n \to \infty \).
Case 2. Assume that \(\{\|x_{n} - q\|\}\) is not a monotonically decreasing sequence. Set \(\varGamma _{n} = {\|x_{n} - q\|} ^{2} \) and let \(\tau : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N} \) be a mapping for all \(n \geq n_{0}\) (for some \(n_{0}\) large enough) by
Clearly, τ is non-decreasing sequence such that \(\tau (n) \to \infty \) as \(n\to \infty \) and
This implies that \(\|x_{\tau (n)} - q\| \leq \|x_{\tau (n)+1} - q\|\), \(\forall n \geq n_{0}\). Thus \(\lim _{n \to \infty }\|x_{ \tau (n)} - q\|\) exists. In a similar way to Case 1, we can show that
Similarly,
so that
We can also show that
and
From the fact that \(\{x_{\tau (n)}\}\) is bounded, we see that there exists a subsequence of \(\{x_{\tau (n)}\}\), denoted as \(\{x_{\tau (n)} \}\), that converges weakly to \(x^{*}\in H_{1}\). Since \(\|w_{\tau (n)} - x_{\tau (n)}\| \to 0\), it follows that \(w_{\tau (n)} \rightharpoonup x^{*} \in H_{1} \). As in Case 1, we can show that \(x^{*} \in \varUpsilon \) and
By replacing q with \(x^{*}\) in (3.8), we get
This implies that (noting that \(\varGamma _{\tau (n)} \leq \varGamma _{\tau (n)+1} \) and \(\beta ^{1}_{\tau (n)} >0\))
This implies that
Thus,
Therefore,
Furthermore, for \(n\geq n_{0}\), it is easy to see that \(\varGamma _{\tau (n)} \leq \varGamma _{\tau (n)+1} \) if \(n \neq \tau (n) \) (that is, \(\tau (n) < n\)), because \(\varGamma _{j} \leq \varGamma _{j+1} \) for \(\tau (n)+1 \leq j \leq n\). As a consequence, we obtain for all \(n\geq n_{0}\),
Hence, \(\lim _{n\to \infty }\varGamma _{n} =0\), that is, \(\{x_{n}\}\) converges to \(x^{*}\in \varUpsilon \). This completes the proof. □
The following new results follow directly from Theorem 3.2.
Corollary 3.3
Let H be a real Hilbert space and E be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Let \(i=1, 2,\ldots, I\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots, K\), for some \(I, K\in \mathbb{N}\). For each i, k, let \(A^{i}:H \to E \) be a bounded linear operator and \((A^{i})^{*}:E^{*}\to H\) be the adjoint of \(A^{i}\), \(M:H\to 2^{H}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping and \(N: H \to H\) be an α-inverse strongly monotone mapping and \(S^{k}: H \to P(H)\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots , K\) be a finite family of multivalued type-one demicontractive mappings with coefficient \(\theta ^{k}\in [0, 1)\) such that \((I-S^{k})\) is demiclosed at zero, and \(Q^{i}:E\to 2^{E^{*}}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping such that \(\varUpsilon :\bigcap_{k=1}^{K}F(S^{k})\cap (M+N)^{-1}(0) \cap \bigcap_{i=1}^{I} (A^{i})^{-1}((Q^{i})^{-1}(0)) \neq \emptyset \). Let the stepsize \(\gamma _{n}^{i}\) be chosen such that, for some \(\epsilon ^{i} >0\), \(\gamma _{n}^{i} \in \big (\epsilon ^{i},\frac{2 {\|A^{i}x_{n} - T^{Q^{i}}_{\mu }A^{i}x_{n}\|}^{2}}{{\|(A^{i})^{*}J _{E}(A^{i}x_{n}-T^{M^{i}}_{\mu } A^{i}x_{n})\|}^{2}} - \epsilon ^{i} \big )\), if \(T^{Q^{i}}_{\mu }A^{i}x_{n} \neq A^{i}x_{n}\); otherwise \(\gamma _{n}^{i} = \gamma ^{i}\) (\(\gamma ^{i}\) being any nonnegative real number). Let \(f_{n} : H \to H \) be a sequence of \(\rho _{n}\)-contractive mappings with \(0<\underline{\rho}\leq \rho _{n} \leq \bar{\rho } < 1\) such that \(\{f_{n}(x)\}\) is uniformly convergent for any \(x\in D\), where D is any bounded subset of H. For arbitrary \(x_{1} \in H\), define the iterative sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) by
where \(u_{n}^{k}\in P_{S^{k}}x_{n}:=\{u_{n}^{k}\in S^{k} x_{n}: \|u _{n}^{k}-x_{n}\|=d(x_{n}, S^{k} x_{n})\}\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots, K\), \(\mu >0\), \(\nu \in (0,1)\), \(0<\lambda \leq \lambda _{n}< 2\alpha \), \(\{\beta _{n}^{1}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{2}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\eta _{n}^{i}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) and \(\{\zeta _{n}^{k}\}_{n=1} ^{\infty }\) are real sequences in \((0,1)\) satisfying the following conditions:
-
(i)
\(\lim_{n \to \infty }\beta _{n}^{1} = 0 \) and \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }\beta _{n}^{1}=\infty \);
-
(ii)
\(0<\epsilon _{1}\leq \beta _{n}^{2}\);
-
(iii)
\(\zeta _{n}^{1}\geq \max \{\theta ^{k}, k=1,2,\ldots , K\}\), \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\zeta _{n}^{k}\prod_{t=1}^{k-1}(1- \zeta _{n}^{t})(\zeta _{n}^{1}-\theta ^{k-1})>0\), \(k= 2, 3, \ldots, (K-1)\);
-
(iv)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{K}(1- \zeta _{n}^{t})(\zeta _{n}^{1}-\theta ^{K})>0\);
-
(v)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\eta _{n}^{i}\prod_{t=1} ^{i-1}(1-\eta _{n}^{t})>0\), \(i= 2, 3, \ldots, (I-1)\) and \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{I}(1-\eta _{n}^{t})>0\).
Then the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) converges strongly to an element of ϒ.
Corollary 3.4
Let H be a real Hilbert space and E be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Let \(j=1,2,\ldots,J\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots, K\), for some \(J, K\in \mathbb{N}\). For each j, k, let \(A:H \to E \) be a bounded linear operator and \(A^{*}:E^{*}\to H\) be the adjoint of A, \(M^{j}:H\to 2^{H}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping and \(N^{j}: H \to H\) be an α-inverse strongly monotone mapping and \(S^{k}: H \to P(H)\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots , K\) be a finite family of multivalued type-one demicontractive mappings with coefficient \(\theta ^{k}\in [0, 1)\) such that \((I-S^{k})\) is demiclosed at zero, and \(Q:E\to 2^{E^{*}}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping such that \(\varUpsilon :\bigcap_{k=1}^{K}F(S^{k})\cap \bigcap_{j=1} ^{J} (M^{j}+N^{j})^{-1}(0) \cap A^{-1}(Q^{-1}(0)) \neq \emptyset \). Let the stepsize \(\gamma _{n}\) be chosen such that, for some \(\epsilon >0\), \(\gamma _{n} \in \big (\epsilon ,\frac{2{\|Ax_{n} - T ^{Q}_{\mu }Ax_{n}\|}^{2}}{{\|(A)^{*}J_{E}(Ax_{n}-T^{M}_{\mu } Ax_{n}) \|}^{2}} - \epsilon \big )\), if \(T^{Q}_{\mu }Ax_{n} \neq Ax_{n}\); otherwise \(\gamma _{n} = \gamma \) (γ being any nonnegative real number). Let \(f_{n} : H \to H \) be a sequence of \(\rho _{n}\)-contractive mappings with \(0<\underline{\rho}\leq \rho _{n} \leq \bar{\rho } < 1\) such that \(\{f_{n}(x)\}\) is uniformly convergent for any \(x\in D\), where D is any bounded subset of H. For arbitrary \(x_{1} \in H\), define the iterative sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) by
where \(u_{n}^{k}\in P_{S^{k}}x_{n}:=\{u_{n}^{k}\in S^{k} x_{n}: \|u _{n}^{k}-x_{n}\|=d(x_{n}, S^{k} x_{n})\}\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots, K\), \(\mu >0\), \(\nu \in (0,1)\), \(0<\lambda ^{j}\leq \lambda _{n}^{j}< 2\alpha ^{j}\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{1}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{2}\}_{n=1} ^{\infty }\), \(\{\alpha _{n}^{j}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) and \(\{\zeta _{n} ^{k}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) are real sequences in \((0,1)\) satisfying the following conditions:
-
(i)
\(\lim_{n \to \infty }\beta _{n}^{1} = 0 \) and \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }\beta _{n}^{1}=\infty \);
-
(ii)
\(0<\epsilon _{1}\leq \beta _{n}^{2}\);
-
(iii)
\(\zeta _{n}^{1}\geq \max \{\theta ^{k}, k=1,2,\ldots , K\}\), \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\zeta _{n}^{k}\prod_{t=1}^{k-1}(1- \zeta _{n}^{t})(\zeta _{n}^{1}-\theta ^{k-1})>0\), \(k= 2, 3, \ldots, (K-1)\);
-
(iv)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{K}(1- \zeta _{n}^{t})(\zeta _{n}^{1}-\theta ^{K})>0\);
-
(v)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\alpha _{n}^{j}\prod_{t=1}^{j-1}(1-\alpha _{n}^{t})>0\), \(j= 2, 3, \ldots, (J-1)\) and \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{J}(1-\alpha _{n}^{t})>0\).
Then the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) converges strongly to an element of ϒ.
Corollary 3.5
Let H be a real Hilbert space and E be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Let \(j=1,2,\ldots,J\), \(i=1, 2,\ldots, I\), for some \(J, I\in \mathbb{N}\).For each i, j, let \(A^{i}:H \to E \) be a bounded linear operator and \((A^{i})^{*}:E^{*}\to H\) be the adjoint of \(A^{i}\), \(M^{j}:H\to 2^{H}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping and \(N^{j}: H \to H\) be an α-inverse strongly monotone mapping. Suppose \(S: H \to P(H)\) is a multivalued type-one demicontractive mapping with coefficient \(\theta \in [0, 1)\) such that \((I-S)\) is demiclosed at zero and \(Q^{i}:E\to 2^{E^{*}}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping such that \(\varUpsilon :F(S)\cap \bigcap_{j=1} ^{J} (M^{j}+N^{j})^{-1}(0) \cap \bigcap_{i=1}^{I} (A^{i})^{-1}((Q ^{i})^{-1}(0)) \neq \emptyset \). Let the stepsize \(\gamma _{n}^{i}\) be chosen such that, for some \(\epsilon ^{i} >0\), \(\gamma _{n}^{i} \in \big (\epsilon ^{i},\frac{2{\|A^{i}x_{n} - T^{Q^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}}A^{i}x _{n}\|}^{2}}{{\|(A^{i})^{*}J_{E}(A^{i}x_{n}-T^{M^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}} A^{i}x _{n})\|}^{2}} - \epsilon ^{i} \big )\), if \(T^{Q^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}}A^{i}x _{n} \neq A^{i}x_{n}\); otherwise \(\gamma _{n}^{i} = \gamma ^{i}\) (\(\gamma ^{i}\) being any nonnegative real number). Let \(f_{n} : H \to H \) be a sequence of \(\rho _{n}\)-contractive mappings with \(0<\underline{\rho} \leq \rho _{n} \leq \bar{\rho } < 1\) such that \(\{f_{n}(x)\}\) is uniformly convergent for any \(x\in D\), where D is any bounded subset of H. For arbitrary \(x_{1} \in H\), define the iterative sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) by
where \(u_{n}\in P_{S}x_{n}:=\{u_{n}\in S x_{n}: \|u_{n}-x_{n}\|=d(x _{n}, S x_{n})\}\), \(\mu >0\), \(\nu \in (\theta ,1)\), \(0<\lambda ^{j} \leq \lambda _{n}^{j}< 2\alpha ^{j}\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{1}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{2}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\alpha _{n}^{j}\}_{n=1} ^{\infty }\) and \(\{\eta _{n}^{i}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) are real sequences in \((0,1)\) satisfying the following conditions:
-
(i)
\(\lim_{n \to \infty }\beta _{n}^{1} = 0 \) and \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }\beta _{n}^{1}=\infty \);
-
(ii)
\(0<\epsilon _{1}\leq \beta _{n}^{2}\leq 1-\theta \);
-
(iii)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\eta _{n}^{i}\prod_{t=1}^{i-1}(1-\eta _{n}^{t})>0\), \(i= 2, 3, \ldots, (I-1)\) and \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{I}(1-\eta _{n}^{t})>0\);
-
(iv)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\alpha _{n}^{j}\prod_{t=1}^{j-1}(1-\alpha _{n}^{t})>0\), \(j= 2, 3, \ldots, (J-1)\) and \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{J}(1-\alpha _{n}^{t})>0\).
Then the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) converges strongly to an element of ϒ.
Corollary 3.6
Let H be a real Hilbert space and E be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Let \(j=1,2,\ldots,J\), for some \(J\in \mathbb{N}\). For each j, let \(M^{j}:H\to 2^{H}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping and \(N^{j}: H \to H\) be an α-inverse strongly monotone mapping \(A:H \to E \) be a bounded linear operator and \(A^{*}:E^{*}\to H\) be the adjoint of A, and \(S: H \to P(H)\) be a multivalued type-one demicontractive mapping with coefficient \(\theta \in [0, 1)\) such that \((I-S)\) is demiclosed at zero, and \(Q:E\to 2^{E^{*}}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping such that \(\varUpsilon :F(S)\cap \bigcap_{j=1}^{J} (M^{j}+N^{j})^{-1}(0) \cap A^{-1}(Q^{-1}(0)) \neq \emptyset \). Let the stepsize \(\gamma _{n}\) be chosen such that, for some \(\epsilon >0\), \(\gamma _{n} \in \big (\epsilon ,\frac{2{\|Ax_{n} - T^{Q}_{\mu }Ax_{n}\|}^{2}}{ {\|(A)^{*}J_{E}(Ax_{n}-T^{M}_{\mu } Ax_{n})\|}^{2}} - \epsilon \big )\), if \(T^{Q}_{\mu }Ax_{n} \neq Ax_{n}\); otherwise \(\gamma _{n} = \gamma \) (γ being any nonnegative real number). Let \(f_{n} : H \to H \) be a sequence of \(\rho _{n}\)-contractive mappings with \(0<\underline{\rho}\leq \rho _{n} \leq \bar{\rho } < 1\) such that \(\{f_{n}(x)\}\) is uniformly convergent for any \(x\in D\), where D is any bounded subset of H. For arbitrary \(x_{1} \in H\), define the iterative sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) by
where \(u_{n}\in P_{S}x_{n}:=\{u_{n}\in S x_{n}: \|u_{n}-x_{n}\|=d(x _{n}, S x_{n})\}\), \(\mu >0\), \(\nu \in (\theta ,1)\), \(0<\lambda ^{j} \leq \lambda _{n}^{j}< 2\alpha ^{j}\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{1}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{2}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), and \(\{\alpha _{n}^{j}\}_{n=1} ^{\infty }\) are real sequences in \((0,1)\) satisfying the following conditions:
-
(i)
\(\lim _{n \to \infty }\beta _{n}^{1} = 0 \) and \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }\beta _{n}^{1}=\infty \);
-
(ii)
\(0<\epsilon _{1}\leq \beta _{n}^{2}\leq 1-\theta \);
-
(iii)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\alpha _{n}^{j}\prod_{t=1}^{j-1}(1-\alpha _{n}^{t})>0\), \(j= 2, 3, \ldots, (J-1)\) and \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{J}(1-\alpha _{n}^{t})>0\).
Then the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) converges strongly to an element of ϒ.
Corollary 3.7
Let H be a real Hilbert space and E be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Let \(k=1, 2, \ldots, K\), for some \(K\in \mathbb{N}\). For each k, let \(S^{k}: H \to P(H)\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots , K\) be a finite family of multivalued type-one demicontractive mappings with coefficient \(\theta ^{k}\in [0, 1)\) such that \((I-S^{k})\) is demiclosed at zero, \(A:H \to E \) be a bounded linear operator and \(A^{*}:E^{*}\to H\) be the adjoint of A, \(M:H\to 2^{H}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping and \(N: H \to H\) be an α-inverse strongly monotone mapping, and \(Q:E\to 2^{E^{*}}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping such that \(\varUpsilon : \bigcap_{k=1}^{K}F(S^{k})\cap (M+N)^{-1}(0)\cap A^{-1}(Q ^{-1}(0)) \neq \emptyset \). Let the stepsize \(\gamma _{n}\) be chosen such that, for some \(\epsilon >0\), \(\gamma _{n} \in \big (\epsilon ,\frac{2 {\|Ax_{n} - T^{Q}_{\mu }Ax_{n}\|}^{2}}{{\|(A)^{*}J_{E}(Ax_{n}-T^{M} _{\mu } Ax_{n})\|}^{2}} - \epsilon \big )\), if \(T^{Q}_{\mu }Ax_{n} \neq Ax_{n}\); otherwise \(\gamma _{n} = \gamma \) (γ being any nonnegative real number). Let \(f_{n} : H \to H \) be a sequence of \(\rho _{n}\)-contractive mappings with \(0<\underline{\rho}\leq \rho _{n} \leq \bar{\rho } < 1\) such that \(\{f_{n}(x)\}\) is uniformly convergent for any \(x\in D\), where D is any bounded subset of H. For arbitrary \(x_{1} \in H\), define the iterative sequence \(\{w_{n}\}\), \(\{x_{n}\}\) and \(\{y_{n}\}\) by
where \(u_{n}^{k}\in P_{S^{k}}x_{n}:=\{u_{n}^{k}\in S^{k} x_{n}: \|u _{n}^{k}-x_{n}\|=d(x_{n}, S^{k} x_{n})\}\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots, K\), \(\mu >0\), \(\nu \in (0,1)\), \(0<\lambda \leq \lambda _{n}< 2\alpha \), \(\{\beta _{n}^{1}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{2}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), and \(\{\zeta _{n}^{k}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) are real sequences in \((0,1)\) satisfying the following conditions:
-
(i)
\(\lim_{n \to \infty }\beta _{n}^{1} = 0 \) and \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }\beta _{n}^{1}=\infty \);
-
(ii)
\(0<\epsilon _{1}\leq \beta _{n}^{2}\);
-
(iii)
\(\zeta _{n}^{1}\geq \max \{\theta ^{k}, k=1,2,\ldots , K\}\), \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\zeta _{n}^{k}\prod_{t=1}^{k-1}(1- \zeta _{n}^{t})(\zeta _{n}^{1}-\theta ^{k-1})>0\), \(k= 2, 3, \ldots, (K-1)\);
-
(iv)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{K}(1- \zeta _{n}^{t})(\zeta _{n}^{1}-\theta ^{K})>0\).
Then the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) converges strongly to an element of ϒ.
Corollary 3.8
Let H be a real Hilbert space and E be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Let \(i=1, 2,\ldots, I\), for some \(I \in \mathbb{N}\). For each i, k, let \(A^{i}:H \to E \) be a bounded linear operator and \((A^{i})^{*}:E^{*}\to H\) be the adjoint of \(A^{i}\). Suppose \(M:H\to 2^{H}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping and \(N: H \to H\) be an α-inverse strongly monotone mapping and \(S: H \to P(H)\) be a multivalued type-one demicontractive mapping with coefficient \(\theta \in [0, 1)\) such that \((I-S)\) is demiclosed at zero, and \(Q^{i}:E\to 2^{E^{*}}\) be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping such that \(\varUpsilon :F(S)\cap (M+N)^{-1}(0) \cap \bigcap_{i=1}^{I} (A^{i})^{-1}((Q^{i})^{-1}(0)) \neq \emptyset \). Let the stepsize \(\gamma _{n}^{i}\) be chosen such that, for some \(\epsilon ^{i} >0\), \(\gamma _{n}^{i} \in \big (\epsilon ^{i},\frac{2 {\|A^{i}x_{n} - T^{Q^{i}}_{\mu }A^{i}x_{n}\|}^{2}}{{\|(A^{i})^{*}J _{E}(A^{i}x_{n}-T^{M^{i}}_{\mu } A^{i}x_{n})\|}^{2}} - \epsilon ^{i} \big )\), if \(T^{Q^{i}}_{\mu }A^{i}x_{n} \neq A^{i}x_{n}\); otherwise \(\gamma _{n}^{i} = \gamma ^{i}\) (\(\gamma ^{i}\) being any nonnegative real number). Let \(f_{n} : H \to H \) be a sequence of \(\rho _{n}\)-contractive mappings with \(0<\underline{\rho}\leq \rho _{n} \leq \bar{\rho } < 1\) such that \(\{f_{n}(x)\}\) is uniformly convergent for any \(x\in D\), where D is any bounded subset of H. For arbitrary \(x_{1} \in H\), define the iterative sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) by
where \(u_{n}\in P_{S}x_{n}:=\{u_{n}\in S x_{n}: \|u_{n}-x_{n}\|=d(x _{n}, S x_{n})\}\), \(\mu >0\), \(\nu \in (\theta ,1)\), \(0<\lambda \leq \lambda _{n}< 2\alpha \), \(\{\beta _{n}^{1}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{2}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) and \(\{\eta _{n}^{i}\}_{n=1}^{ \infty }\) are real sequences in \((0,1)\) satisfying the following conditions:
-
(i)
\(\lim_{n \to \infty }\beta _{n}^{1} = 0 \) and \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }\beta _{n}^{1}=\infty \);
-
(ii)
\(0<\epsilon _{1}\leq \beta _{n}^{2}\leq 1-\theta \);
-
(iii)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\eta _{n}^{i}\prod_{t=1} ^{i-1}(1-\eta _{n}^{t})>0\), \(i= 2, 3, \ldots, (I-1)\) and \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{I}(1-\eta _{n}^{t})>0\).
Then the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) converges strongly to an element of ϒ.
4 Application to finite family split convex minimization problems
Let \(F^{j}:H\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) be a finite family of convex and continuously differentiable functions, \(G^{j}_{1}:H\rightarrow (- \infty , +\infty ]\) and \(G^{i}_{2}:E\rightarrow (-\infty , +\infty ]\) be two finite families of proper convex and lower semi-continuous functions. Then, for each \(i=1,2,\ldots , I\) and \(j=1,2,\ldots , J\), the gradient \(\nabla F^{j}\) of \(F^{j}\) is monotone and continuous, and the subdifferentials \(\partial G^{j}_{1}:H\to 2^{H}\) of \(G^{j}_{1}\) and \(\partial G^{i}_{2}:E\to 2^{E^{*}}\) of \(G^{i}_{2}\) are maximal monotone (see [33]). Furthermore,
and
Let us consider the following finite family of split convex minimization problem: Find
and
where \(i=1, 2,\ldots , I\), \(j=1, 2,\ldots , J\), \(k=1, 2,\ldots , K\), \(A^{i}:H \rightarrow E\) is a bounded linear operator for each i, \(F^{j}\), \(G ^{j}_{1}\) and \(G^{i}_{2}\) are as defined above, \(S^{k}:H\rightarrow P(H)\) is a finite family of multivalued type-one demicontractive mappings. Suppose the solution set of problem (4.1)–(4.1) is Ω, then setting \(M^{j}=\partial G^{j}_{1}\), \(Q^{i}=\partial G^{i}_{2}\) and \(N^{j}=\nabla F^{j}\) in Theorem 3.2, we obtain the following new result for approximating a common solution of finite family of split convex minimization problems and fixed point problem for a finite family of multivalued type-one demicontractive mappings.
Theorem 4.1
Let H be a real Hilbert space and E be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Let \(j=1,2,\ldots,J\), \(i=1, 2,\ldots, I\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots, K\), for some \(J, I, K\in \mathbb{N}\). For each i, j, k, let \(A^{i}:H \to E \) be a bounded linear operator and \((A^{i})^{*}:E^{*}\to H\) be the adjoint of \(A^{i}\), let \(G^{j}_{1}:H \to (-\infty , +\infty ]\) and \(G^{i}_{2}:E\to (-\infty , +\infty ]\) be proper convex and lower semi-continuous functions, \(F^{j}: H \to \mathbb{R}\) be a convex and continuously differentiable function such that \(\nabla F^{j}\) is \(\frac{1}{\alpha }\)-Lipschitz continuous, and \(S^{k}: H \to P(H)\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots , K\) be a finite family of multivalued type-one demicontractive mappings with coefficient \(\theta ^{k}\in [0, 1)\) such that \((I-S^{k})\) is demiclosed at zero and \(\varOmega \neq \emptyset \). Let the step size \(\gamma ^{i}_{n}\) be chosen such that, for some \(\epsilon ^{i} >0\), \(\gamma ^{i}_{n} \in \big (\epsilon ^{i},\frac{2{\|A^{i}x_{n} - T^{\partial G^{i}_{2}}_{\mu ^{i}}A^{i}x _{n}\|}^{2}}{{\|(A^{i})^{*}J_{E}(A^{i}x_{n}-T^{\partial G^{i}_{2}} _{\mu ^{i}} A^{i}x_{n})\|}^{2}} - \epsilon \big )\), if \(T^{\partial G^{i}_{2}}_{\mu ^{i}}A^{i}x_{n} \neq A^{i}x_{n}\); otherwise \(\gamma ^{i}_{n} = \gamma ^{i}\) (\(\gamma ^{i}\) being any nonnegative real number). Let \(f_{n} : H \to H \) be a sequence of \(\rho _{n}\)-contractive mappings with \(0<\underline{\rho}\leq \rho _{n} \leq \bar{\rho} < 1\) such that \(\{f_{n}(x)\}\) is uniformly convergent for any \(x\in D\), where D is any bounded subset of H. For arbitrary \(x_{1} \in H\), define the iterative sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) by
where \(u_{n}^{k}\in P_{S^{k}}x_{n}:=\{u_{n}^{k}\in S^{k} x_{n}: \|u _{n}^{k}-x_{n}\|=d(x_{n}, S^{k} x_{n})\}\), \(k=1, 2, \ldots, K\), \(\mu >0\), \(\nu \in (0,1)\), \(0<\lambda ^{j}\leq \lambda _{n}^{j}< 2\alpha ^{j}\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{1}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{2}\}_{n=1} ^{\infty }\), \(\{\beta _{n}^{3}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\alpha _{n}^{j}\} _{n=1}^{\infty }\), \(\{\eta _{n}^{i}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) and \(\{\zeta _{n}^{k}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) are real sequences in \((0,1)\) satisfying the following conditions:
-
(i)
\(\lim _{n \to \infty }\beta _{n}^{1} = 0 \) and \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }\beta _{n}^{1}=\infty \);
-
(ii)
\(0<\epsilon _{1}\leq \beta _{n}^{2}\);
-
(iii)
\(\zeta _{n}^{1}\geq \max \{\theta ^{k}, k=1,2,\ldots , K\}\), \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\zeta _{n}^{k}\prod_{t=1}^{k-1}(1- \zeta _{n}^{t})(\zeta _{n}^{1}-\theta ^{k-1})>0\), \(k= 2, 3, \ldots, (K-1)\);
-
(iv)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{K}(1- \zeta _{n}^{t})(\zeta _{n}^{1}-\theta ^{K})>0\);
-
(v)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\eta _{n}^{i}\prod_{t=1} ^{i-1}(1-\eta _{n}^{t})>0\), \(i= 2, 3, \ldots, (I-1)\) and \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{I}(1-\eta _{n}^{t})>0\);
-
(vi)
\(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\alpha _{n}^{j}\prod_{t=1}^{j-1}(1-\alpha _{n}^{t})>0\), \(j= 2, 3, \ldots, (J-1)\) and \(\liminf_{n\to \infty }\prod_{t=1}^{J}(1-\alpha _{n}^{t})>0\).
Then the sequence \(\{x_{n}\}\) converges strongly to Ω.
5 Numerical example
We now give a numerical example of Algorithm (3.1) to show its performance. Let \(H=\mathbb{R}^{2}\) and \(E=\mathbb{R}^{4}\) (be endowed with the euclidean norm). Let \(I=5\), \(J=3\) and \(K=4\). Then define \(M^{j}:\mathbb{R}^{2}\to \mathbb{R}^{2}\) by
Clearly, \(M^{j}\) is maximal monotone for each j. Thus, for each \(x\in \mathbb{R}^{2}\), we compute the resolvent of \(M^{j}\) as follows:
which implies that
Also, we define \(Q^{i}:\mathbb{R}^{4}\to \mathbb{R}^{4}\) by \(Q^{i}(x)= (4ix_{1}, 4ix_{2}, 4ix_{3}, 4ix_{4})\), \(i=1,2,3,4,5\). Then \(Q^{i}\) is maximal monotone. In a similar way, we obtain the resolvent of \(Q^{i}\) as
Let \(A^{i}:\mathbb{R}^{2}\to \mathbb{R}^{4}\) be defined by \(A^{i}(x)=(-3ix _{1}+4ix_{2}, ix_{1}+5ix_{2}, 3ix_{1}-2ix_{2}, 2ix_{1}-3ix_{2})\), \(f_{n}:\mathbb{R}^{2}\to \mathbb{R}^{2}\) be defined by \(f_{n}(x)= \frac{4}{5}x\) \(\forall n\geq 1\), and \(S^{k}:\mathbb{R}^{2}\to \mathbb{R}^{2}\) be defined by \(S^{k}(x)=- (\frac{2k+1}{2} )(x _{1}, x_{2})\), \(k=1,2,3,4\), then \(S^{k}\) is a \(\theta ^{k}\)-demicontractive mapping with \(\theta ^{k}= \frac{4k^{2}+4k-3}{(2k+3)^{2}}\) for each \(k=1,2,3,4\). Thus, \(\theta =\frac{77}{121}\). Now, define \(N^{j}:\mathbb{R}^{2}\to \mathbb{R}^{2}\) by \(N(x)=(4jx_{1}, 4jx_{2})\), \(j=1,2,3\). Then N is an \(\alpha ^{j}\)-inverse strongly monotone mapping with \(\alpha ^{j}= \frac{1}{4j}\). Take \(\nu =\frac{1}{2}\), \(\beta ^{1}_{n}=\frac{1}{n+1}\), \(\beta ^{2}_{n}=\frac{n+1}{5n}\), \(\lambda ^{j}_{n}=\frac{n}{4jn+1}\), \(\eta _{n}^{i}=\frac{2in +3}{4+6in}\), \(\alpha _{n}^{j}=\frac{n+1}{4jn+2}\), \(\zeta _{n}^{k}=\frac{77n+2}{121kn+1}\) and \(\gamma _{n}^{i} \in \big (\epsilon ^{i},\frac{2{\|A^{i}x_{n} - T^{Q^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}}A^{i}x_{n}\|}^{2}}{ {\|(A^{i})^{T}(A^{i}x_{n}-T^{M^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}} A^{i}x_{n})\|}^{2}} - \epsilon ^{i} \big )\), if \(T^{Q^{i}}_{\mu ^{i}}A^{i}x_{n} \neq A^{i}x _{n}\); otherwise \(\gamma _{n}^{i} = \gamma ^{i}\) (\(\gamma ^{i}\) being any nonnegative real number). Then conditions (i)–(vi) of Theorem 3.2 are satisfied. Hence, we consider the following cases for \(\mu ^{i}\) and our initial points \(x_{1}\) (see Fig. 1).
Case I:
-
(a)
Take \(x_{1}=(0.5, -0.25)^{T}\) and \(\mu ^{i}=\mu = \frac{8}{10}\).
-
(b)
Take \(x_{1}=(-5, 4)^{T}\) and \(\mu ^{i}=\mu =\frac{8}{10}\).
Case II:
-
(a)
Take \(x_{1}=(-5, 3)^{T}\) and \(\mu ^{i}=\mu =10\).
-
(b)
Take \(x_{1}=(-5, 3)^{T}\) and \(\mu ^{i}=\mu =1000\).
6 Conclusion
A new viscosity-type iteration process that does not involve the construction of either \(C_{n}\) or \(Q_{n}\) is introduced for approximating a common solution of a finite family of split variational inclusion problem and fixed point problem for a finite family of type-one demicontractive mappings between a Hilbert space and a Banach space. Furthermore, our choice of stepsize in Algorithm (3.1) does not depend on the norm of the bounded linear operator A which is very difficult to compute in general as illustrated in Theorem 1.6. Moreover, we established a strong convergence theorem for approximating a solution of the aforementioned problem and our control sequences do not require the imposition of the condition that the \(\mathrm{sum}=1\). Some applications and numerical experiments of the established results are given to further illustrate the applicability of our results.
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Acknowledgements
The second author acknowledges with thanks the bursary and financial support from Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, Republic of South Africa Center of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (DST-NRF COE-MaSS) Post Doctoral Bursary (2018). Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived are those of the authors and are not necessarily to be attributed to the CoE-MaSS.
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Izuchukwu, C., Isiogugu, F.O. & Okeke, C.C. A new viscosity-type iteration for a finite family of split variational inclusion and fixed point problems between Hilbert and Banach spaces. J Inequal Appl 2019, 253 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-019-2201-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-019-2201-9