Abstract
In the context of the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) we examine the constraints on the trilinear Higgs coupling that originate from off-shell Higgs production in proton-proton collisions. Our calculation of the gg → h* → ZZ → 4ℓ process includes two-loop corrections to gluon-gluon-fusion Higgs production and one-loop corrections to the Higgs propagator and its decay. Employing a matrix-element based kinematic discriminant we determine the reach of LHC Run 3 and the high-luminosity option of the LHC in constraining the relevant SMEFT Wilson coefficients. We present constraints that are not only competitive with but also complementary to the projected indirect limits that one expects to obtain from inclusive measurements of single-Higgs production processes at future LHC runs.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
CMS collaboration, Combined Higgs boson production and decay measurements with up to 137 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, CMS-PAS-HIG-19-005 (2020).
ATLAS collaboration, A combination of measurements of Higgs boson production and decay using up to 137 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS experiment, ATLAS-CONF-2020-027 (2020).
U. Haisch, Yukawas and trilinear Higgs terms from loops, in 52nd Rencontres de Moriond on EW Interactions and Unified Theories, La Thuile Italy (2017), pg. 9 [arXiv:1706.09730] [INSPIRE].
J. Alison et al., Higgs boson potential at colliders: Status and perspectives, Rev. Phys. 5 (2020) 100045 [arXiv:1910.00012] [INSPIRE].
A. Papaefstathiou and K. Sakurai, Triple Higgs boson production at a 100 TeV proton-proton collider, JHEP 02 (2016) 006 [arXiv:1508.06524] [INSPIRE].
C.-Y. Chen, Q.-S. Yan, X. Zhao, Y.-M. Zhong and Z. Zhao, Probing triple-Higgs productions via 4b2γ decay channel at a 100 TeV hadron collider, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 013007 [arXiv:1510.04013] [INSPIRE].
B. Fuks, J.H. Kim and S.J. Lee, Probing Higgs self-interactions in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 100 TeV, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 035026 [arXiv:1510.07697] [INSPIRE].
W. Kilian, S. Sun, Q.-S. Yan, X. Zhao and Z. Zhao, New Physics in multi-Higgs boson final states, JHEP 06 (2017) 145 [arXiv:1702.03554] [INSPIRE].
B. Fuks, J.H. Kim and S.J. Lee, Scrutinizing the Higgs quartic coupling at a future 100 TeV proton–proton collider with taus and b-jets, Phys. Lett. B 771 (2017) 354 [arXiv:1704.04298] [INSPIRE].
T. Liu, K.-F. Lyu, J. Ren and H.X. Zhu, Probing the quartic Higgs boson self-interaction, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 093004 [arXiv:1803.04359] [INSPIRE].
W. Bizoń, U. Haisch and L. Rottoli, Constraints on the quartic Higgs self-coupling from double-Higgs production at future hadron colliders, JHEP 10 (2019) 267 [arXiv:1810.04665] [INSPIRE].
S. Borowka, C. Duhr, F. Maltoni, D. Pagani, A. Shivaji and X. Zhao, Probing the scalar potential via double Higgs boson production at hadron colliders, JHEP 04 (2019) 016 [arXiv:1811.12366] [INSPIRE].
A. Papaefstathiou, G. Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi and M. Zaro, Triple Higgs boson production to six b-jets at a 100 TeV proton collider, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 947 [arXiv:1909.09166] [INSPIRE].
M. Chiesa, F. Maltoni, L. Mantani, B. Mele, F. Piccinini and X. Zhao, Measuring the quartic Higgs self-coupling at a multi-TeV muon collider, JHEP 09 (2020) 098 [arXiv:2003.13628] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Measurement prospects of the pair production and self-coupling of the Higgs boson with the ATLAS experiment at the HL-LHC, ATL-PHYS-PUB-2018-053 (2018).
CMS collaboration, Prospects for HH measurements at the HL-LHC, CMS-PAS-FTR-18-019 (2018).
M. McCullough, An Indirect Model-Dependent Probe of the Higgs Self-Coupling, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 015001 [Erratum ibid. 92 (2015) 039903] [arXiv:1312.3322] [INSPIRE].
M. Gorbahn and U. Haisch, Indirect probes of the trilinear Higgs coupling: gg → h and h → γγ, JHEP 10 (2016) 094 [arXiv:1607.03773] [INSPIRE].
G. Degrassi, P.P. Giardino, F. Maltoni and D. Pagani, Probing the Higgs self coupling via single Higgs production at the LHC, JHEP 12 (2016) 080 [arXiv:1607.04251] [INSPIRE].
W. Bizon, M. Gorbahn, U. Haisch and G. Zanderighi, Constraints on the trilinear Higgs coupling from vector boson fusion and associated Higgs production at the LHC, JHEP 07 (2017) 083 [arXiv:1610.05771] [INSPIRE].
F. Maltoni, D. Pagani, A. Shivaji and X. Zhao, Trilinear Higgs coupling determination via single-Higgs differential measurements at the LHC, Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 887 [arXiv:1709.08649] [INSPIRE].
M. Gorbahn and U. Haisch, Two-loop amplitudes for Higgs plus jet production involving a modified trilinear Higgs coupling, JHEP 04 (2019) 062 [arXiv:1902.05480] [INSPIRE].
G. Degrassi and M. Vitti, The effect of an anomalous Higgs trilinear self-coupling on the h → γZ decay, Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020) 307 [arXiv:1912.06429] [INSPIRE].
S. Di Vita et al., A global view on the Higgs self-coupling at lepton colliders, JHEP 02 (2018) 178 [arXiv:1711.03978] [INSPIRE].
F. Maltoni, D. Pagani and X. Zhao, Constraining the Higgs self-couplings at e+e− colliders, JHEP 07 (2018) 087 [arXiv:1802.07616] [INSPIRE].
G. Degrassi, M. Fedele and P.P. Giardino, Constraints on the trilinear Higgs self coupling from precision observables, JHEP 04 (2017) 155 [arXiv:1702.01737] [INSPIRE].
G.D. Kribs, A. Maier, H. Rzehak, M. Spannowsky and P. Waite, Electroweak oblique parameters as a probe of the trilinear Higgs boson self-interaction, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 093004 [arXiv:1702.07678] [INSPIRE].
S. Di Vita, C. Grojean, G. Panico, M. Riembau and T. Vantalon, A global view on the Higgs self-coupling, JHEP 09 (2017) 069 [arXiv:1704.01953] [INSPIRE].
E. Rossi, Measurement of Higgs-boson self-coupling with single-Higgs and double-Higgs production channels, arXiv:2010.05252 [INSPIRE].
G. Degrassi, B. Di Micco, P.P. Giardino and E. Rossi, Higgs boson self-coupling constraints from single Higgs, double Higgs and Electroweak measurements, Phys. Lett. B 817 (2021) 136307 [arXiv:2102.07651] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Constraints on the Higgs boson self-coupling from \( t\overline{t}H \) + tH, H → γγ differential measurements at the HL-LHC, CMS-PAS-FTR-18-020 (2018).
ATLAS collaboration, Constraint of the Higgs boson self-coupling from Higgs boson differential production and decay measurements, ATL-PHYS-PUB-2019-009 (2019).
ATLAS collaboration, Constraints on the Higgs boson self-coupling from the combination of single-Higgs and double-Higgs production analyses performed with the ATLAS experiment, ATLAS-CONF-2019-049 (2019).
W. Buchmüller and D. Wyler, Effective Lagrangian Analysis of New Interactions and Flavor Conservation, Nucl. Phys. B 268 (1986) 621 [INSPIRE].
B. Grzadkowski, M. Iskrzynski, M. Misiak and J. Rosiek, Dimension-Six Terms in the Standard Model Lagrangian, JHEP 10 (2010) 085 [arXiv:1008.4884] [INSPIRE].
I. Brivio and M. Trott, The Standard Model as an Effective Field Theory, Phys. Rept. 793 (2019) 1 [arXiv:1706.08945] [INSPIRE].
J. Ellis, C.W. Murphy, V. Sanz and T. You, Updated Global SMEFT Fit to Higgs, Diboson and Electroweak Data, JHEP 06 (2018) 146 [arXiv:1803.03252] [INSPIRE].
SMEFiT collaboration, Combined SMEFT interpretation of Higgs, diboson, and top quark data from the LHC, JHEP 11 (2021) 089 [arXiv:2105.00006] [INSPIRE].
G.F. Giudice, C. Grojean, A. Pomarol and R. Rattazzi, The Strongly-Interacting Light Higgs, JHEP 06 (2007) 045 [hep-ph/0703164] [INSPIRE].
J. Elias-Miró, C. Grojean, R.S. Gupta and D. Marzocca, Scaling and tuning of EW and Higgs observables, JHEP 05 (2014) 019 [arXiv:1312.2928] [INSPIRE].
Particle Data Group collaboration, Review of Particle Physics, PTEP 2020 (2020) 083C01 [INSPIRE].
T. Hahn and M. Pérez-Victoria, Automatized one loop calculations in four-dimensions and D-dimensions, Comput. Phys. Commun. 118 (1999) 153 [hep-ph/9807565] [INSPIRE].
R. Boughezal et al., Color singlet production at NNLO in MCFM, Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 7 [arXiv:1605.08011] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Constraints on the Higgs boson width from off-shell production and decay to Z-boson pairs, Phys. Lett. B 736 (2014) 64 [arXiv:1405.3455] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Constraints on the off-shell Higgs boson signal strength in the high-mass ZZ and WW final states with the ATLAS detector, Eur. Phys. J. C 75 (2015) 335 [arXiv:1503.01060] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Off-shell Higgs boson couplings measurement using H → ZZ → 4l events at High Luminosity LHC, ATL-PHYS-PUB-2015-024 (2015).
CMS collaboration, Sensitivity projections for Higgs boson properties measurements at the HL-LHC, CMS-PAS-FTR-18-011 (2018).
ATLAS collaboration, Constraints on off-shell Higgs boson production and the Higgs boson total width in ZZ → 4ℓ and ZZ → 2ℓ2ν final states with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 786 (2018) 223 [arXiv:1808.01191] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Measurements of the Higgs boson width and anomalous HVV couplings from on-shell and off-shell production in the four-lepton final state, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 112003 [arXiv:1901.00174] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Measurement of the four-lepton invariant mass spectrum in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector, JHEP 04 (2019) 048 [arXiv:1902.05892] [INSPIRE].
R.D. Ball et al., The Path to Proton Structure at One-Percent Accuracy, arXiv:2109.02653 [INSPIRE].
C. Englert and M. Spannowsky, Limitations and Opportunities of Off-Shell Coupling Measurements, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 053003 [arXiv:1405.0285] [INSPIRE].
C. Englert, Y. Soreq and M. Spannowsky, Off-Shell Higgs Coupling Measurements in BSM scenarios, JHEP 05 (2015) 145 [arXiv:1410.5440] [INSPIRE].
D. Goncalves, T. Han and S. Mukhopadhyay, Off-Shell Higgs Probe of Naturalness, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 (2018) 111801 [Erratum ibid. 121 (2018) 079902] [arXiv:1710.02149] [INSPIRE].
D. Gonçalves, T. Han and S. Mukhopadhyay, Higgs Couplings at High Scales, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 015023 [arXiv:1803.09751] [INSPIRE].
J.S. Gainer, J. Lykken, K.T. Matchev, S. Mrenna and M. Park, Beyond Geolocating: Constraining Higher Dimensional Operators in H → 4ℓ with Off-Shell Production and More, Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 035011 [arXiv:1403.4951] [INSPIRE].
N. Kauer and G. Passarino, Inadequacy of zero-width approximation for a light Higgs boson signal, JHEP 08 (2012) 116 [arXiv:1206.4803] [INSPIRE].
F. Caola and K. Melnikov, Constraining the Higgs boson width with ZZ production at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 054024 [arXiv:1307.4935] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Campbell, R.K. Ellis and C. Williams, Bounding the Higgs Width at the LHC Using Full Analytic Results for gg → e−e+μ−μ+, JHEP 04 (2014) 060 [arXiv:1311.3589] [INSPIRE].
Y. Gao, A.V. Gritsan, Z. Guo, K. Melnikov, M. Schulze and N.V. Tran, Spin Determination of Single-Produced Resonances at Hadron Colliders, Phys. Rev. D 81 (2010) 075022 [arXiv:1001.3396] [INSPIRE].
S. Bolognesi et al., On the spin and parity of a single-produced resonance at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 095031 [arXiv:1208.4018] [INSPIRE].
I. Anderson et al., Constraining Anomalous HVV Interactions at Proton and Lepton Colliders, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 035007 [arXiv:1309.4819] [INSPIRE].
F. Cascioli et al., ZZ production at hadron colliders in NNLO QCD, Phys. Lett. B 735 (2014) 311 [arXiv:1405.2219] [INSPIRE].
M. Grazzini, S. Kallweit and D. Rathlev, ZZ production at the LHC: fiducial cross sections and distributions in NNLO QCD, Phys. Lett. B 750 (2015) 407 [arXiv:1507.06257] [INSPIRE].
G. Heinrich, S. Jahn, S.P. Jones, M. Kerner and J. Pires, NNLO predictions for Z-boson pair production at the LHC, JHEP 03 (2018) 142 [arXiv:1710.06294] [INSPIRE].
M. Grazzini, S. Kallweit, M. Wiesemann and J.Y. Yook, ZZ production at the LHC: NLO QCD corrections to the loop-induced gluon fusion channel, JHEP 03 (2019) 070 [arXiv:1811.09593] [INSPIRE].
S. Alioli, S. Ferrario Ravasio, J.M. Lindert and R. Röntsch, Four-lepton production in gluon fusion at NLO matched to parton showers, Eur. Phys. J. C 81 (2021) 687 [arXiv:2102.07783] [INSPIRE].
L. Buonocore, G. Koole, D. Lombardi, L. Rottoli, M. Wiesemann and G. Zanderighi, ZZ production at nNNLO+PS with MiNNLOP S , JHEP 01 (2022) 072 [arXiv:2108.05337] [INSPIRE].
F. Caola, K. Melnikov, R. Röntsch and L. Tancredi, QCD corrections to ZZ production in gluon fusion at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 094028 [arXiv:1509.06734] [INSPIRE].
M. Grazzini, S. Kallweit, M. Wiesemann and J.Y. Yook, Four lepton production in gluon fusion: Off-shell Higgs effects in NLO QCD, Phys. Lett. B 819 (2021) 136465 [arXiv:2102.08344] [INSPIRE].
M. Grazzini, S. Kallweit and M. Wiesemann, Fully differential NNLO computations with MATRIX, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 537 [arXiv:1711.06631] [INSPIRE].
J. Alwall, A. Freitas and O. Mattelaer, The Matrix Element Method and QCD Radiation, Phys. Rev. D 83 (2011) 074010 [arXiv:1010.2263] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Campbell, W.T. Giele and C. Williams, The Matrix Element Method at Next-to-Leading Order, JHEP 11 (2012) 043 [arXiv:1204.4424] [INSPIRE].
T. Martini and P. Uwer, Extending the Matrix Element Method beyond the Born approximation: Calculating event weights at next-to-leading order accuracy, JHEP 09 (2015) 083 [arXiv:1506.08798] [INSPIRE].
A.V. Gritsan, R. Röntsch, M. Schulze and M. Xiao, Constraining anomalous Higgs boson couplings to the heavy flavor fermions using matrix element techniques, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 055023 [arXiv:1606.03107] [INSPIRE].
C. Anastasiou, C. Duhr, F. Dulat, F. Herzog and B. Mistlberger, Higgs Boson Gluon-Fusion Production in QCD at Three Loops, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 (2015) 212001 [arXiv:1503.06056] [INSPIRE].
C. Anastasiou et al., High precision determination of the gluon fusion Higgs boson cross-section at the LHC, JHEP 05 (2016) 058 [arXiv:1602.00695] [INSPIRE].
B. Mistlberger, Higgs boson production at hadron colliders at N3LO in QCD, JHEP 05 (2018) 028 [arXiv:1802.00833] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in the four-lepton channel in pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 012006 [arXiv:1408.5191] [INSPIRE].
G. Cowan, K. Cranmer, E. Gross and O. Vitells, Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics, Eur. Phys. J. C 71 (2011) 1554 [Erratum ibid. 73 (2013) 2501] [arXiv:1007.1727] [INSPIRE].
G. Cowan, Discovery sensitivity for a counting experiment with background uncertainty, https://www.pp.rhul.ac.uk/∼cowan/stat/medsig/medsigNote.pdf (2012).
ATLAS collaboration, Projections for measurements of Higgs boson cross sections, branching ratios, coupling parameters and mass with the ATLAS detector at the HL-LHC, ATL-PHYS-PUB-2018-054 (2018).
ATLAS collaboration, Projections for measurements of Higgs boson signal strengths and coupling parameters with the ATLAS detector at a HL-LHC, ATL-PHYS-PUB-2014-016 (2014).
B. Agarwal, S.P. Jones and A. von Manteuffel, Two-loop helicity amplitudes for gg → ZZ with full top-quark mass effects, JHEP 05 (2021) 256 [arXiv:2011.15113] [INSPIRE].
C. Brønnum-Hansen and C.-Y. Wang, Top quark contribution to two-loop helicity amplitudes for Z boson pair production in gluon fusion, JHEP 05 (2021) 244 [arXiv:2101.12095] [INSPIRE].
M. Ruhdorfer, E. Salvioni and A. Weiler, A Global View of the Off-Shell Higgs Portal, SciPost Phys. 8 (2020) 027 [arXiv:1910.04170] [INSPIRE].
U. Haisch, G. Polesello and S. Schulte, Searching for pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson dark matter production in association with top quarks, JHEP 09 (2021) 206 [arXiv:2107.12389] [INSPIRE].
J. Ellis, TikZ-Feynman: Feynman diagrams with TikZ, Comput. Phys. Commun. 210 (2017) 103 [arXiv:1601.05437] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2111.12589
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Haisch, U., Koole, G. Off-shell Higgs production at the LHC as a probe of the trilinear Higgs coupling. J. High Energ. Phys. 2022, 30 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2022)030
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2022)030