Abstract
We consider the evolution of non-thermal dark matter perturbations in models which contain both Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and axions. Using constraints from existing observations we examine the percentage of WIMPs and axions that may comprise the cosmological dark matter budget in models with an Early Matter Dominated Epoch (EMDE) — where entropy production is important. After carefully tracking the thermal evolution of the various species by solving the Boltzmann equations, we consider the enhancement of perturbations that may have led to early structure formation for axions and WIMPs. We investigate the impact of enhanced perturbations on the parameter space of both species, after imposing existing constraints from indirect detection experiments. Given these constraints we establish the feasibility of axions to form miniclusters in the early universe in EMDEs for a given percentage of allowed WIMPs. We find that EMDEs with low reheat temperatures near the BBN limit are preferred for axion minicluster formation. When the EMDE is caused by string moduli, the WIMP contribution to the relic density is set by the moduli branching to dark matter at the level of ≲ \( \mathcal{O} \)(10−4).
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Acknowledgments
We thank Amy Burks, Adrienne Erickeck, and Nemanja Kaloper for useful conversations. S.W. thanks KITP Santa Barbara and the Simons Center for hospitality. This research was supported in part by DOE grant DE-FG02-85ER40237. K.S. thanks the Simons Center for hospitality and is supported in part by DOE grant DE-SC0009956. The computing for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU).
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Deal, R.W., Sankharva, K., Sinha, K. et al. Multi-component Dark Matter and small scale structure formation. J. High Energ. Phys. 2024, 85 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2024)085
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2024)085