Abstract
A network of cosmic strings (CS), if present, would continue emitting gravitational waves (GW) as it evolves throughout the history of the Universe. This results in a characteristic broad spectrum making it a perfect source to infer the expansion history. In particular, a short inflationary period caused by a supercooled phase transition would cause a drop in the spectrum at frequencies corresponding to that event. However, the impact on the spectrum is similar to the ones caused by an early matter-dominated era or from particle production, making it difficult to disentangle these different physical origins. We point out that, in the case of a short inflationary period, the GW spectrum receives an additional contribution from the phase transition itself. This leads to a characteristic imprint of a peak on top of a wide plateau both visible at future GW observatories.
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Acknowledgments
FF would like to thank the University of Warsaw for its hospitality. The work of FF was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-SC0017987. This work was supported by the Polish National Science Center grants 2018/31/D/ST2/02048 and 2018/30/Q/ST9/00795, and the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within Polish Returns Programme under agreement PPN/PPO/2020/1/00013/U/00001.
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Ferrer, F., Ghoshal, A. & Lewicki, M. Imprints of a supercooled phase transition in the gravitational wave spectrum from a cosmic string network. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 36 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2023)036
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2023)036