Abstract
We study the phenomenology of leptophilic Z′ gauge bosons at the future high-energy e+e− and μ+μ− colliders, as well as at the gravitational wave observatories. The leptophilic Z′ model, although well-motivated, remains largely unconstrained from current low-energy and collider searches for Z′ masses above \( \mathcal{O} \)(100 GeV), thus providing a unique opportunity for future lepton colliders. Taking \( \textrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\alpha }-{L}_{\beta }} \) (α, β = e, μ, τ) models as concrete examples, we show that future e+e− and μ+μ− colliders with multi-TeV center-of-mass energies provide unprecedented sensitivity to heavy leptophilic Z′ bosons. Moreover, if these U(1) models are classically scale-invariant, the phase transition at the U(1) symmetry-breaking scale tends to be strongly first-order with ultra-supercooling, and leads to observable stochastic gravitational wave signatures. We find that the future sensitivity of gravitational wave observatories, such as advanced LIGO-VIRGO and Cosmic Explorer, can be complementary to the collider experiments, probing higher Z′ masses up to \( \mathcal{O} \)(104 TeV), while being consistent with naturalness and perturbativity considerations.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant Nos. DESC0007914 and in part by the Pitt PACC. The work of BD, TH, and KX was performed partly at the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. PHY-1607611 and No. PHY-2210452. The work of KX was also supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. PHY-2112829, No. PHY-2013791, and No. PHY-2310497. This work used resources of high-performance computing clusters from the Pitt CRC. The work of BD is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant No. DE-SC0017987 and by a URA VSP Fellowship. RP acknowledges financial support for this research by the Fulbright U.S. Student Program, which is sponsored by the U.S. Department of State and The United States — India Educational Foundation (USIEF).
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Dasgupta, A., Dev, P.S.B., Han, T. et al. Searching for heavy leptophilic Z′: from lepton colliders to gravitational waves. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 11 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2023)011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2023)011