Development of a new health-related quality of life measure for people with diabetes who experience hypoglycaemia: the Hypo-RESOLVE QoL

Carlton, Jill; Powell, Philip A.; Broadley, Melanie; de Galan, Bastiaan E.; Heller, Simon; Comins, Jonathan; Rosilio, Myriam; Pouwer, Frans; Gall, Mari-Anne; Child, Christopher J.; McCrimmon, Rory J.; Rowen, Donna

doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06182-9

Table 1 Participant demographics

From: Development of a new health-related quality of life measure for people with diabetes who experience hypoglycaemia: the Hypo-RESOLVE QoL

Demographic	n
Stage 1 (N=31)
Age
18–30 years	9
31–65 years	15
66+ years	7
Sex at birth
Male	16
Female	15
Diabetes type
Type 1	21
Type 2	10
Diabetes duration
0–5 years	9
6–10 years	5
11–20 years	7
21+ years	10
Stage 2 (N=70)
Age
18–30 years	16
31–65 years	39
66+ years	15
Sex at birth
Male	32
Female	38
Diabetes type
Type 1	50
Type 2	19
Other	1
Diabetes duration
0–5 years	17
6–10 years	9
11–20 years	20
21+ years	24
Stage 3 (N=1246)
Age (mean ± SD 48.87 ± 16.29 years, range 18–91 years)
Prefer not to say/missing^a	1
Sex at birth
Female	688
Male	557
Prefer not to say/missing	1
Gender
Woman (including transgender woman)	684
Man (including transgender man)	558
Non-binary/gender-fluid	4
Ethnicity
Asian or Asian British	25
Black, Black British, Caribbean or African	9
Mixed or multiple ethnic groups	26
Other ethnic group	5
White	1175
Prefer not to say/missing	6
English as a first language
No	53
Yes	1193
Education
GCSE or equivalent secondary school qualification	241
A-level or equivalent post-secondary level qualification	292
Bachelor’s or equivalent first degree	388
Master’s or equivalent higher degree	183
PhD or equivalent doctoral qualification	44
None of the above	77
Prefer not to say/missing	21
Employment
Employed	797
Retired	271
Student/in training	35
Unemployed (due to disability or sickness)	87
Unemployed (job-seeking)	17
Unemployed (not seeking work)	27
Other^b	3
Prefer not to say/missing	9
Diabetes type
Type 1 diabetes	993
Type 2 diabetes	213
Gestational diabetes	13
Other	26
Prefer not to say/missing	1
Diabetes duration (mean ± SD 22.68 ± 15.70 years, range 0–70 years)
Prefer not to say/missing^c	7
Medication^d^,e
Oral glucose-lowering medication	226
Insulin	1156
Non-insulin injectable medication	43
None of the above	16
Insulin type^e,f
Background or long-acting insulin only	50
Insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion)	304
Mixed insulin	148
Multiple daily insulin injections	647
Prefer not to say/missing	6
Insulin duration^c,f (mean ± SD 22.40 ± 16.23 years, range 0–70 years)
Prefer not to say/missing^c	7
Glucose monitoring^d
Finger prick blood glucose monitor	549
Freestyle Libre	137
Freestyle Libre-2	605
Other continuous glucose monitor	186
Urine monitor	4
Do not monitor	21
Other^g	2
Prefer not to say/missing	3
During the last month, how often did you deliberately run your blood glucose ‘high’ to avoid having a hypo (or ‘going low’)?
Never	409
Rarely	296
Sometimes	404
Often	112
Almost always	23
Prefer not to say/missing	2
Comorbid conditions^d
Heart disease	100
Kidney problems	85
Liver problems	30
Other endocrine diseases	229
Peripheral neuropathy	161
None of the above	795
Prefer not to say/missing	5
Gold Score
Mean ± SD	2.54 (1.61)
Range	1–7
Prefer not to say/missing	4

^aOne response was missing but the participant consented to the conditions of participation and was inferred as being over 18 years of age because of the length of time they reported living with diabetes
^bTwenty-three ‘other’ free-text responses were recoded into the employment categories, the remaining three responses covered informal caregiving
^cWhere age (diabetes duration OR insulin duration) was <0 years, then values on these variables were recoded as missing
^dCategories are not mutually exclusive
^eFree-text responses provided were recoded using input from clinicians
^fOnly includes people who are on insulin
^gFourteen ‘other’ free-text responses were recoded into glucose monitoring categories, the remaining two responses covered Freestyle Libre (version unknown)
A-level, Advanced level (typically taken at age 18 years in the UK); GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education (typically taken at age 16 years in the UK); PhD, Doctor of Philosophy; Gold Score, measure of hypoglycaemia awareness

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