Varus alignment of the proximal tibia is associated with structural progression in early to moderate varus osteoarthritis of the knee

Table 4 Multivariate regression analysis to determine the influence of all baseline variables on symptom worsening (WOMAC > 9 points) and structural progression (JSN > 0.7 mm) over 24 months

Variable of interest	Symptom worsening (WOMAC > 9 points)			Structural progression (JSN > 0.7 mm)
	Odds ratio	95% CI	p value	Odds ratio	95% CI	p value
Baseline WOMAC*	0.97	0.95–0.98	< 0.001	1.01	1.00–1.02	0.16
Baseline JSN	0.95	0.80–1.13	0.53	1.06	0.89–1.27	0.50
Age	0.99	0.96–1.02	0.41	1.01	0.98–1.04	0.56
Gender	1.46	0.90–2.37	0.13	1.18	0.70–1.98	0.53
BMI*	1.06	1.01–1.11	0.01	1.02	0.97–1.07	0.39
Co-morbidities	1.10	0.90–1.40	0.45	0.89	0.66–1.16	0.36
Race	0.76	0.47–1.24	0.27	1.15	0.67–1.96	0.62
Employment	0.63	0.38–1.05	0.07	1.22	0.70–2.12	0.49
Smoker	1.25	0.82–1.92	0.30	1.30	0.82–2.06	0.27
Previous knee surgery	1.19	0.70–2.00	0.52	0.97	0.56–1.69	0.91
mLPFA	1.03	0.99–1.06	0.18	1.02	0.98–1.06	0.39
mLDFA	0.92	0.84–1.01	0.09	1.05	0.95–1.16	0.35
MPTA**	1.05	0.96–1.15	0.31	0.79	0.71–0.88	< 0.001
mLDTA	1.02	0.96–1.08	0.59	1.02	0.96–1.08	0.50

*Indicates significant predictor of symptom worsening at 24 months (p < 0.05)
**Indicates significant predictor of structural progression at 24 months (p < 0.05)