Table 1 Baseline characteristic of participants who completed at least 6 weeks and anthropometric changes from baseline

Weight, kg

 Week 0

86.0 (79.9–102.2)

–

83.4 (77.2–99.0)

–

89.6 (72.6–96.9)

–

0.69

 Week 6

86.6 (78.9–103.0)

0.5 (− 0.25to 1.35)

84.4 (75.8–99.4)

0.4 (− 0.5 to 1.15)

86.8 (74.3–95.0)

0 (− 1.0 to 0.7)

0.74

 Week 12

85.8* (76.3–104.2)

1.2 (− 0.5 to 2)

86.0 (77.0–102.9)

0.9 (− 1.1 to 1.6)

88.4 (75.2–94.6)

− 0.1 (− 1.6 to 0.4)

0.83

BMI, kg/m²

 Week 0

28.7 (27.3–31.0)

–

28.7 (26.3–31.9)

–

28.8 (26.4–31.1)

–

0.68

 Week 6

29.4 (27.6–32.1)

0.2 (0.1 to 1.0)

29.0 (26.1–31.8)

0.1 (− 0.1 to 0.7)

29.7 (26.4–31.7)

0.2 (− 0.3 to 1.0)

0.84

 Week 12

29.7 (27.6–32.0)

0.4 (0.1 to 1)

29.9 (27.1–32.5)

0.4 (− 0.1 to 1.1)

30.1 (25.7–31.7)

0.0 (− 0.7 to 0.9)

0.88

Waist Circumference, cm ♂/♀²

 Week 0

104 (102–111)/102 (95–105)

–

105 (94–115)/91 (87–105)

–

106 (104–108)/92 (85–100)

–

0.97/0.19

 Week 6

103 (100–110)/95 (90–100)

− 2 (− 2 to − 1)/− 6 (− 8 to − 3)

101 (94–108)/87 (85–100)

− 1 (− 3 to 0)/− 2 (− 5 to 0)

104 (97–105)/87 (81–100)

− 3 (− 6 to − 1)/− 3 (− 4 to − 2)

0.81/0.26

 Week 12

102 (98–106)/97 (91–103)

− 2 (− 2 to − 2)/− 4 (− 8 to − 1)

103 (99–108)/89 (85–95)

− 3 (− 3 to − 2)/− 1 (− 3 to − 1)

103 (97–105)/89 (81–96)

− 4 (− 5 to − 3)/− 4 (− 4 to − 3)

0.82/0.17

Systolic pressure³, mm Hg

 Week 0

131 (120–143)

–

126 (121–146)

–

134 (124–144)

0.60

 Week 6

127 (120–138)

− 4.0 (− 8.5 to − 1.5)

128 (122–142)

1.0 (− 4.6 to 5.9)

130 (123–137)

− 5.0 (− 11.0 to 8.5)

0.93

 Week 12

125 (120–142)

− 2.0 (− 7.5 to 5.9)

133 (125–143)

1.5 (− 6.8 to 11.8)

123** (116–135)

− 5.5 (− 10.8 to 0.1)

0.11

Diastolic pressure³, mm Hg

 Week 0

80 (75–92)

–

83 (79–89)

–

80 (76–89)

–

0.77

 Week 6

81 (77–86)

− 3.0 (− 9.3 to 4.5)

84 (77–95)

− 1.5 (− 4.8 to 3.5)

79 (77–82)

− 0.5 (− 6.0 to 3.5)

0.39

 Week 12

82 (76–87)

1.3 (4.8 to 9.1)

83 (77–87)

1.5 (− 3.5 to 5.0)

81 (75–85)

0.5 (− 3.8 to 4.8)

0.65