Table 2 Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (NNR2023) score; recommendations levels and cut-off points for adherence; energy adjusted mean intakes and percentage of adherence in the Swedish National March Cohort
NNR-score components | Cut-offs and adherence scores | Mean intake and adherence | p-value* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 34,898) | Women (n = 22,981) | Men (n = 11,917) | Within NNR2023 (all) | |||||||
Recommended intake (NNR2023) | Total score | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | % | ||
Fat | ||||||||||
Total fat (E%) | 25–40 | 0–1 | 25.5 | (4.0) | 25.5 | (4.1) | 25.5 | (3.9) | 55.8 | 0.42 |
Saturated fat (E%) | ≤ 10 | 11.4 | (2.3) | 11.4 | (2.4) | 11.5 | (2.3) | 27.0 | 0.002 | |
Monounsaturated fat (E%) | 10–20 | 8.5 | (1.5) | 8.5 | (1.5) | 8.5 | (1.5) | 15.2 | 0.63 | |
Polyunsaturated fat (E%) | 5–10 | 3.3 | (0.6) | 3.3 | (0.6) | 3.3 | (0.6) | 1.1 | 0.09 | |
Protein | ||||||||||
Protein (E%) | 10–20 | 0–1 | 16.0 | (1.9) | 16.2 | (1.9) | 15.7 | (1.9) | 97.2 | < 0.001 |
Carbohydrates | ||||||||||
Carbohydrates (E%) | 45–60 | 0–1 | 58.8 | (5.1) | 58.9 | (5.1) | 58.5 | (5.0) | 60.4 | < 0.001 |
Sugar (E%) | ≤ 10 | 6.7 | (2.9) | 6.6 | (2.7) | 6.9 | (3.2) | 87.3 | < 0.001 | |
Vitamins | ||||||||||
Vitamin A (µg/d) | 0–1 | 1286 | (598) | 1294 | (600) | 1272 | (593) | 83.3 | 0.001 | |
Women | 700–3000 | |||||||||
Men | 800–3000 | |||||||||
Vitamin B1/Thiamine (mg/d) | 1.6 | (0.2) | 1.6 | (0.2) | 1.8 | (0.2) | 99.9 | < 0.001 | ||
Women | ≥ 0.9 | |||||||||
Men | ≥ 1.1 | |||||||||
Vitamin B2/Riboflavin (mg) | 2.3 | (0.6) | 2.2 | (0.5) | 2.5 | (0.6) | 92.0 | < 0.001 | ||
Women | ≥ 1.6 | |||||||||
Men | ≥ 1.6 | |||||||||
Vitamin B3/Niacin (mg/d) | 14.5 | (2.3) | 13.9 | (2.1) | 15.6 | (2.2) | 35.3 | < 0.001 | ||
Women | ≥ 14 | |||||||||
Men | ≥ 18 | |||||||||
Vitamin B6 (mg/d) | 2.1 | (0.3) | 2.0 | (0.3) | 2.1 | (0.3) | 91.9 | < 0.001 | ||
Women | 1.6–12.5 | |||||||||
Men | 1.8–12.5 | |||||||||
Folate (µg/d) | ≥ 330 | 234.7 | (43.5) | 229.6 | (43.3) | 244.5 | (42.3) | 2.4 | < 0.001 | |
Vitamin B12 (µg/d) | ≥ 4a | 6.8 | (2.6) | 6.5 | (2.6) | 7.3 | (2.7) | 90.5 | < 0.001 | |
Vitamin C (mg/d) | 95.9 | (42.2) | 98.4 | (42.5) | 91.0 | (41.2) | 40.3 | < 0.001 | ||
Women | 95–1000 | |||||||||
Men | 110–1000 | |||||||||
Vitamin D (µg/d) | 10–100 | 3.8 | (1.4) | 3.7 | (1.4) | 4.0 | (1.6) | 0.3 | < 0.001 | |
Vitamin E (mg/d) | 5.2 | (1.1) | 5.3 | (1.1) | 5.1 | (1.1) | 0.1 | < 0.001 | ||
Women | 10–300a | |||||||||
Men | 11–300a | |||||||||
Minerals | ||||||||||
Calcium (Ca) (mg/d) | 950–2500 | 0–1 | 1147 | (322) | 1100 | (290) | 1236 | (358) | 72.5 | < 0.001 |
Phosphorus (P) (mg/d) | 525–3000a | 1511 | (262) | 1447 | (229) | 1635 | (275) | 100.0 | < 0.001 | |
Magnesium (Mg) (mg/d) | 316.5 | (38.2) | 303.6 | (32.5) | 341.2 | (36.1) | 48.0 | < 0.001 | ||
Women | ≥ 300a | |||||||||
Men | ≥ 350a | |||||||||
Potassium (K) (mg/d) | ≥ 3500a | 3107 | (520) | 3046 | (505) | 3225 | (527) | 20.6 | < 0.001 | |
Iron (Fe) (mg/d) | 15.9 | (2.9) | 15.1 | (2.5) | 17.6 | (2.9) | 66.8 | < 0.001 | ||
Women | 15–60 | |||||||||
Men | 9–60 | |||||||||
Zinc (Zn) (mg/d) | 10.4 | (1.3) | 10.0 | (1.1) | 11.3 | (1.3) | 35.7 | < 0.001 | ||
Women | ≥ 10 | |||||||||
Men | ≥ 13 | |||||||||
Selenium (µg/d) | 28.3 | (7.0) | 27.8 | (6.8) | 29.3 | (7.1) | 0.1 | < 0.001 | ||
Women | 75–255a | |||||||||
Men | 90–255a | |||||||||
Fiber intake (g/d) | 0–1 | 21.0 | (4.6) | 20.6 | (4.4) | 21.7 | (4.9) | 10.2 | < 0.001 | |
Women | ≥ 25 | |||||||||
Men | ≥ 35 | |||||||||
Sodium (mg/d) | ≤ 1500a | 0–1 | 1999 | (310) | 1894 | (264) | 2201 | (292) | 4.4 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol (E%) | No safe limit | 0–1 | 1.4 | (1.6) | 1.1 | (1.3) | 1.9 | (1.8) | 10.5 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity recommendation | ||||||||||
Moderate- and vigorous activity, ≥ 5 MET (min/week) | ≥ 150 | 0–1 | 100.1 | (113.5) | 92.0 | (103.5) | 115.7 | (129.4) | 29.1 | < 0.001 |
Total score (min–max) | 0–9 | 6.7 | (0.6) | 6.9 | (0.6) | 6.4 | (0.6) | < 0.001 | ||