Table 1 Sample characteristics by country and overall
Belgium, N = 118 | Cyprus, N = 773 | Estonia, N = 595 | Germany, N = 509 | Hungary, N = 661 | Italy, N = 748 | Spain, N = 208 | Sweden, N = 439 | Overall, N = 4051 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HDAS Mean (SD) | 27.9 (7.2) | 25.0 (9.1) | 27.7 (7.9) | 23.0 (8.9) | 23.2 (8.9) | 24.3 (8.0) | 27.1 (7.8) | 30.7 (8.1) | 25.5 (8.8) |
Highest level of education in household in % | |||||||||
Low | 2.5 | 1.2 | 0 | 6.3 | 2.1 | 15.8 | 2.4 | 0 | 4.5 |
Medium | 16.9 | 36.6 | 27.4 | 57.6 | 47.7 | 60.6 | 30.8 | 23.9 | 41.9 |
High | 79.7 | 56.5 | 71.9 | 35.6 | 46.6 | 19.3 | 64.9 | 74.5 | 50.7 |
Missing | 0.8 | 5.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 3.0 |
Household income in % | |||||||||
Low | 2.5 | 27.2 | 11.9 | 16.7 | 14.1 | 41.6 | 6.7 | 2.3 | 19.7 |
Low-medium | 2.5 | 9.7 | 3.9 | 10.6 | 7.0 | 15.0 | 6.3 | 2.7 | 8.3 |
Medium | 55.1 | 37.1 | 24.9 | 45.8 | 36.3 | 21.4 | 37.5 | 33.3 | 33.5 |
Medium–high | 15.3 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 11.6 | 13.9 | 1.5 | 16.3 | 27.1 | 11.6 |
High | 18.6 | 12.5 | 47.7 | 9.4 | 22.5 | 7.9 | 27.9 | 33.3 | 21.3 |
Missing | 5.9 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 12.7 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 5.6 |
Social vulnerability in % | |||||||||
Migrant background | 3.4 | 19.7 | 3.4 | 19.6 | 3.2 | 17.6 | 7.7 | 15.7 | 12.7 |
Unemployment in household | 1.7 | 15.0 | 3.7 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 13.9 | 9.1 | 2.3 | 8.8 |
Single parenthood | 11.0 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 15.1 | 14.5 | 3.6 | 9.1 | 13.2 | 10.2 |
BMI (kg/m2) mean (SD) | 24.1 (4.6) | 26.2 (5.1) | 25.4 (5.4) | 26.7 (5.7) | 26.1 (5.6) | 27.4 (5.4) | 25.1 (4.4) | 24.7 (3.9) | 26.1 (5.3) |
Age (years) mean (SD) | 41.2 (4.8) | 41.5 (5.9) | 39.6 (5.3) | 42.9 (5.9) | 40.8 (5.1) | 42.7 (5.5) | 44.9 (4.1) | 43.8 (5.3) | 41.9 (5.6) |
Female in % | 87.3 | 78.3 | 90.6 | 88.2 | 87.9 | 87.7 | 83.2 | 78.6 | 85.2 |
Consumer attitudes toward dietary behaviors in %a | |||||||||
Comparing food labels | 38.1 | 70.5 | 60.0 | 50.5 | 46.9 | 70.2 | 69.3 | 60.8 | 60.5 |
Trusting food advertisements | 7.6 | 20.7 | 3.6 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 27.7 | 15.3 | 2.1 | 12.6 |
Avoiding food additives | 53.4 | 83.3 | 78 | 61.3 | 78.5 | 78.4 | 72.1 | 65.2 | 74.7 |
Valuing organic products | 48.3 | 81.4 | 42.1 | 29.8 | 70.2 | 77.5 | 75.5 | 55.3 | 62.5 |
Preferring fresh meat and vegetables | 82.3 | 94.3 | 87.3 | 70.8 | 94.4 | 93.8 | 94.3 | 78.6 | 88.1 |
Frequently using ready-to-eat-food | 9.3 | 19.9 | 7.7 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 2.8 | 24.0 | 27.8 | 13.0 |
Frequently using pre-made mixes | 4.2 | 10.4 | 6.6 | 10.0 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 9.2 | 4.8 | 6.6 |
Having children help in the kitchen | 53.4 | 65.6 | 48.6 | 59.7 | 71.7 | 53.5 | 66.4 | 60.8 | 60.3 |