Fig. 1

Annexin A11 aggregation in FTLD–TDP Type C. Annexin A11 antibody specifically labels canonical Type C pathology including a long DNs in cortical regions and compact NCIs in the dentate gyrus (representative images, cases #16 and 22; scale bar = 50 µm). b Distribution and severity of annexin A11 inclusions closely matched the distribution and severity of TDP-43 inclusions in FTLD–TDP Type C cases. Shown is the average semi-quantitative regional burden (severity score) for each pathology from four cases (cases #16, 22, 33, 48). c Double immunofluorescence against annexin A11 and phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) reveals abundant co-localization of the two proteinopathies in cortex (case #25, upper row). Case #23 showed annexin A11 positive neurites in the molecular layer of the hippocampus that were less prominent by TDP-43 staining (lower row; scale bar = 50 µm)