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Table 21 The use of intracranial volume for prediction of shunt response in iNPH

From: Radiological predictors of shunt response in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Sample size

Radiological methodology

Cutoff level

Image specification

Image plane

Main reported outcomes

Palm et al. [42]

n = 26

•4 variables were obtained: intracranial volume (parenchyma and CSF), total brain volume, ventricular CSF volume lateral, third, and fourth ventricles), and extra ventricular CSF volume. The latter 3 were used as a ratio to total intracranial volume

•N/A

•Dual spin-echo (proton attenuation and T2-weighted) images.0.5 T for 7 (26.9%) or 1.5 T for 19 (73.1%)

•N/A

•There was no significant difference between SR and SNR in any 4 of the variables obtained

Yamamoto et al. [63]

n = 16

•Using voxel-based morphology to measure CSF areas. Measured volume of ventricles and sylvian fissures (vVS) and volume of sub-arachnoid space at the high/ midline convexity (HCM). Calculated vVS/HCM ratio as measure of brain deformation

•N/A

•1.5 T MRI with a T1-weighted gradient echo sequence

•Sagittal

•Pre-shunting, the vHCM and vVS were negatively correlated (r = –0.59, p = 0.01)

  1. Studies included assessing the use of any advanced imaging radiological marker as predictor of shunt responsiveness. SR, shunt response; S-NR, shunt non-response; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; vVS, volume of ventricles and sylvian fissures; HCM, high/midline convexity
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