Table 4 The use of periventricular white matter changes prediction of shunt response in iNPH
Study | Sample size | Radiological methodology | Cutoff specification | Image specification | Image plane | Main reported outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poca et al | n = 43 | •Periventricular lucencies notes in frontal or other locations | •N/A | •CT | •N/A | •22 (51%) patients had periventricular lucencies. 10 (23%) in the frontal horns and 12 (28%) in frontal and other areas •Patients with lucencies in frontal and other areas showed improvement in NPH scale (one-way ANOVA: 7.56, p = 0.002), the Memory Quotient (one-way ANOVA: 6.21, p = 0.006), and the Orientation part of the WMS (chi-square = 11.41, p = 0.003), compared with no lucencies or just frontal lucencies |
McGirt et al. [34] | n = 132 | •Not given | •N/A | •CT/MRI | •N/A | •58 (44%) patients had periventricular white matter changes. There was no significant relation between SR and periventricular white matter change. Univariate RR: 1.11 (95% CI: 0.74–1.66) |
Agerskov et al. [2] | n = 168 | •Evaluated using ordinal scale graded 0–3 | •N/A | •MRI 1.5 T. Trans-axial FLAIR images | •Trans-axial | •0% of patients had grade 0, 57% had grade 1, 27% had grades 2 and 17% had grade 3 •There was no difference, in each grade, between SR and SNR |
Narita et al. [41] | n = 103 | •According to Fazekas et al. [12] | •N/A | •3D T1-weighted MRI obtained with a Signa 1.5 T MR imaging unit | •Transverse plane | •No significant association with post-surgical improvement reported. (Regression coefficient for total score, gait, cognitive, urinary subsections, TUG and MMSE was − 0.33, − 0.05, − 0.10, − 0.19, 3.19, − 0.25 respectively p > 0.1) |
Virhammar et al. [60] | n = 108 | •Periventricular hyperintensities along and in contact with the frontal and parietal portions of the lateral ventricles •Graded 0–2 •0 = normal, including “pencil-thin lining” along the ventricular wall and small caps around the frontal horns •1 = Increased PVH •2 = Irregular large symmetric hyperintensities | •N/A | •T2- FLAIR MRI. (9% of patients on 3 T scanner; 70% on a 1.5 T scanner, 14% on a 1 T scanner and 7% on a 0.5 T scanner | •Transverse plane in center of 3rd ventricle in AP direction | •OR between SR and SNR: 0.82 (0.39–1.72), p = 0.6) was statistically insignificant |
Hong et al. [20] | n = 31 | •Measured using Fazekas et al. [12] ordinal scale from 0–3 | •N/A | •3.0 Tesla MRI scanner was used to gain Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T2- weighted images | •Transverse | •There was no significant difference between SR and SNR within each grade (p = 0.947). Grade 1 had 10 SR and 7 SNR, Grade 2 had 5 SR and 4 SNR, Grade 3 had 2 SR and 2 SNR •OR 0.600 (0.039–9.156) p = 0.713 |