Table 1 Population frequency and medical spending (in euros, 2012) at aggregated levels of risk characteristics (N = 16.5 million)
From: Improving risk equalization with constrained regression
Population frequency (%) | Medical spending | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | ||
Men, <65 | 42 | 1207 | 5893 |
Men, ≥65 | 8 | 4612 | 11,050 |
Women, <65 | 41 | 1487 | 5212 |
Women, ≥65 | 9 | 4123 | 8889 |
Region, clusters 1–5 | 50 | 1979 | 6941 |
Region, clusters 6–10 | 50 | 1719 | 6237 |
Source of income, reference group (age <18 or >64) | 38 | 2477 | 8235 |
Source of income, disability benefits | 5 | 3817 | 10,570 |
Source of income, social security benefits | 2 | 2321 | 7110 |
Source of income, student | 3 | 588 | 2717 |
Source of income, self-employment | 4 | 1012 | 3814 |
Source of income, other (including employment) | 48 | 1282 | 4541 |
Socioeconomic status, home address >15 residents | 1 | 4507 | 10,219 |
Socioeconomic status, income deciles 1–3 | 30 | 1842 | 6526 |
Socioeconomic status, income deciles 4–7 | 40 | 1869 | 6527 |
Socioeconomic status, income deciles 8–10 | 30 | 1721 | 6555 |
Pharmacy-based cost group (PCG) | |||
No | 82 | 1212 | 5199 |
Yes | 18 | 4751 | 10,417 |
Diagnoses-based cost group (DCG) | |||
No | 91 | 1353 | 4921 |
Yes | 9 | 6855 | 14,530 |
Durable medical equipment cost group (DMECG) | |||
No | 99 | 1772 | 6382 |
Yes | 1 | 10,933 | 17,099 |
Multiple-year high cost group (MHCG) | |||
No | 94 | 1378 | 4957 |
Yes | 6 | 9536 | 17,056 |
PCG, DCG, DMECG and/or MHCG | |||
No | 77 | 984 | 4106 |
Yes | 23 | 4784 | 11,090 |
Total population | 100 | 1848 | 6597 |