Habitat type, food resources, noise and light pollution explain the species composition, abundance and stability of a winter bird assemblage in an urban environment

Ciach, Michał; Fröhlich, Arkadiusz

doi:10.1007/s11252-016-0613-6

Table 2 Frequency, density (ind./km of transect) and dominance of the wintering bird assemblage in the urbanized habitats of Kraków, S Poland

From: Habitat type, food resources, noise and light pollution explain the species composition, abundance and stability of a winter bird assemblage in an urban environment

Species	Frequency (%)	Density (mean ± SD)		Density (median; quartiles range)		Dominance (%)
Parus major	100	8.0	5.5	9.4	5.6–15.1	12.3
Pica pica	95	5.2	2.6	4.5	1.4–7.5	5.9
Turdus merula	91	2.1	1.0	1.3	0.4–3	2.2
Cyanistes caeruleus	89	2.4	1.6	2.8	1.2–4.7	3.7
Corvus frugilegus	84	18.8	7.0	5.8	1.2–18.5	15.6
Passer domesticus	75	8.8	3.3	3.0	0.1–9.6	7.3
Turdus pilaris	75	11.5	2.4	0.6	0.2–5	5.4
Corvus monedula	71	5.1	2.0	2.1	0–6.3	4.5
Streptopelia decaocto	68	2.7	0.8	0.6	0–2.3	1.9
Passer montanus	64	3.0	0.9	0.7	0–2.4	2.0
Carduelis carduelis	61	3.2	0.7	0.4	0–1.2	1.6
Garrulus glandarius	61	0.9	0.4	0.2	0–1.1	0.8
Spinus spinus	55	1.9	0.5	0.2	0–1	1.2
Columba livia f. urbana	52	32.9	8.9	0.1	0–21.9	19.8
Dendrocopos major	50	0.7	0.2	0.0	0–0.4	0.4
Pyrrhula pyrrhula	50	0.8	0.2	0.0	0–0.8	0.5
Fringilla coelebs	46	0.9	0.2	0.0	0–0.4	0.5
Coccothraustes coccothraustes	43	0.9	0.3	0.0	0–0.9	0.6
Sitta europaea	39	1.1	0.3	0.0	0–0.3	0.6
Aegithalos caudatus	38	1.1	0.3	0.0	0–0.8	0.7
Phasianus colchicus	36	1.9	0.4	0.0	0–0.5	0.8
Chloris chloris	32	1.8	0.3	0.0	0–0.3	0.7
Corvus cornix	32	0.9	0.1	0.0	0–0.2	0.3
Certhia brachydactyla	29	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0.2	0.1
Emberiza citrinella	27	1.4	0.3	0.0	0–0.2	0.6
Sturnus vulgaris	27	3.4	0.3	0.0	0–0.2	0.6
Regulus regulus	25	0.4	0.1	0.0	0–0	0.2
Anas platyrhynchos	20	6.5	0.8	0.0	0–0	1.7
Troglodytes troglodytes	20	0.2	0.0	0.0	0–0	0.1
Buteo buteo	18	0.2	0.0	0.0	0–0	0.1
Chroicocephalus ridibundus	18	17.5	2.0	0.0	0–0	4.5
Picus viridis	18	0.2	0.0	0.0	0–0	0.1
Accipiter nisus	16	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Certhia familiaris	14	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	0.1
Erithacus rubecula	13	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Falco tinnunculus	13	0.2	0.0	0.0	0–0	0.1
Poecile palustris	13	0.9	0.1	0.0	0–0	0.2
Turdus philomelos	9	0.2	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Dendrocopos minor	7	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Dendrocopos syriacus	7	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Fulica atra	7	2.8	0.3	0.0	0–0	0.6
Alauda arvensis	5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Corvus corax	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Larus canus	5	0.6	0.1	0.0	0–0	0.1
Phalacrocorax carbo	5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Linaria cannabina	4	0.6	0.1	0.0	0–0	0.1
Cygnus olor	4	5.5	0.5	0.0	0–0	1.2
Dendrocopos medius	4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Larus cachinnans	4	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Picus canus	4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Poecile montanus	4	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Accipiter gentilis	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Alcedo atthis	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Anser anser	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Asio otus	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Aythya ferina	2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Aythya fuligula	2	0.4	0.0	0.0	0–0	0.1
Bucephala clangula	2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Dryocopus martius	2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Emberiza schoeniclus	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Fringilla montifringilla	2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Lophophanes cristatus	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Perdix perdix	2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0–0	+
Turdus viscivorus	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0–0	+

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