Table 2 Multilevel logistic model of child deprivation
From: Social spending, child deprivation and family structure: a multilevel study in 31 European countries
Model 1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nutrition | Clothing | Education | Leisure | Social life | |
Level 1 variables | |||||
Single-parent family | 0.476*** (0.039) | 0.511*** (0.039) | 0.220*** (0.034) | 0.164*** (0.028) | 0.222*** (0.031) |
Youngest child 12–15 | 0.320*** (0.037) | − 0.076* (0.042) | 0.042 (0.032) | − 0.098*** (0.026) | − 0.083*** (0.029) |
Large family | 0.552*** (0.041) | 0.728*** (0.040) | 0.780*** (0.033) | 0.003 (0.029) | 0.049 (0.033) |
No-home ownership | 0.388*** (0.037) | 0.595*** (0.037) | 0.437*** (0.031) | 0.569*** (0.025) | 0.484*** (0.028) |
Family unit | − 0.192*** (0.038) | − 0.192*** (0.040) | − 0.348*** (0.032) | − 0.298*** (0.027) | − 0.290*** (0.030) |
Young parents | 0.016 (0.059) | 0.074 (0.059) | 0.343*** (0.048) | 0.838*** (0.041) | 0.595*** (0.043) |
Parents with low educational level | 0.948*** (0.041) | 0.991*** (0.042) | 0.947*** (0.035) | 0.893*** (0.032) | 0.777*** (0.037) |
Parent unemployed | 0.867*** (0.038) | 0.983*** (0.038) | 0.704*** (0.032) | 0.683*** (0.028) | 0.706*** (0.030) |
Immigrant parents | 0.223*** (0.059) | 0.353*** (0.056) | 0.496*** (0.046) | 0.402*** (0.039) | 0.426*** (0.042) |
Level 2 variables | |||||
GDP pc | − 0.013*** (0.004) | − 0.013*** (0.004) | − 0.008*** (0.003) | − 0.013*** (0.003) | − 0.010*** (0.003) |
Long unemployment rate | − 0.029 (0.042) | − 0.062 (0.043) | 0.038 (0.034) | − 0.045 (0.029) | 0.013 (0.037) |
Constant | − 1.587*** (0.551) | − 1.499*** (0.565) | − 1.546*** (0.448) | 0.458 (0.384) | − 0.799* (0.482) |
Var constant | 0.727 | 0.765 | 0.483 | 0.355 | 0.561 |
ICC | 0.181 | 0.189 | 0.128 | 0.097 | 0.146 |
Log likelihood | − 15,029.206 | − 14,170.082 | − 20,430.211 | − 29,030.646 | − 23,783.012 |
Observations | 53,968 | 53,968 | 53,968 | 53,968 | 53,968 |
Number of countries | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |