Abstract
Highly controlled particle-assisted growth of semiconductor nanowires has been performed for many years, and a number of novel nanowire-based devices have been demonstrated. Full control of the epitaxial growth is required to optimize the performance of devices, and gold seed particles are known to provide the most controlled growth. Successful nanowire growth from gold particles generated and deposited by various different methods has been reported, but no investigation has yet been performed to compare the effects of gold particle generation and deposition methods on nanowire growth. In this article we present a direct comparative study of the effect of the gold particle creation and deposition methods on nanowire growth characteristics and nanowire crystal structure, and investigate the limitations of the different generation and deposition methods used.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Li, Y.; Qian, F.; Xiang, J.; Lieber, C. M. Nanowire electronic and optoelectronic devices. Mater. Today 2006, 9, 18–27.
Messing, M. E.; Hillerich, K.; Johansson, J.; Deppert, K.; Dick, K. A. The use of gold for fabrication of nanowire structures. Gold Bull. 2009, 42, 172–181.
Caroff, P.; Messing, M. E.; Borg, B. M.; Dick, K. A.; Deppert, K.; Wernersson, L. -E. InSb heterostructure nanowires: MOVPE growth under extreme lattice mismatch. Nanotechnology 2009, 20, 495606.
Hochbaum, A. I.; Fan, R.; He, R. R.; Yang P. D. Controlled growth of Si nanowire arrays for device integration. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 457–460.
Hiruma, K.; Haraguchi, K.; Masamitsu, Y.; Madokoro, Y.; Katsuyama, T. Nanometre-sized GaAs wires grown by organo-metallic vapour-phase epitaxy. Nanotechnology 2006, 17, S369–S375.
Mårtensson, T.; Borgström, M.; Seifert, W.; Ohlsson, B. J.; Samuelson, L. Fabrication of individually seeded nanowire arrays by vapour-liquid-solid growth. Nanotechnology 2003, 14, 1255–1258.
Mårtensson, T.; Carlberg, P.; Borgström, M.; Montelius, L.; Seifert, W.; Samuelson, L. Nanowire arrays defined by nanoimprint lithography. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 699–702.
Morales, A. M.; Lieber, C. M. A laser ablation method for the synthesis of crystalline semiconductor nanowires. Science 1998, 279, 208–211.
Böttger, P. H. M.; Bi, Z.; Adolph, D.; Dick, K. A.; Karlsson, L. S.; Karlsson, M. N. A.; Wacaser, B. A.; Deppert, K. Electrospraying of colloidal nanoparticles for seeding of nanostructure growth. Nanotechnology 2007, 18, 105304.
Deppert, K.; Schmidt, F.; Krinke, T.; Dixkens, J.; Fissan, H. Electrostatic precipitator for homogenous deposition of ultrafine particles to create quantum-dot structures. J. Aerosol Sci. 1996, 27, S151–S152.
Magnusson, M. H.; Deppert, K.; Malm, J. -O.; Bovin, J. -O.; Samuelson, L. Gold nanoparticles: Production, reshaping, and thermal charging. J. Nanopart. Res. 1999, 1, 243–251.
Messing, M. E.; Dick, K. A.; Wallenberg, L. R.; Deppert, K. Generation of size-selected gold nanoparticles by spark discharge—for growth of epitaxial nanowires. Gold Bull. 2009, 42, 20–26.
Knutson, E. O.; Whitby, K. T. Aerosol classification by electric mobility: Apparatus, theory and applications. J. Aerosol Sci. 1975, 6, 443–451.
Plante, M. C.; Garrett, J.; Ghosh, S. C.; Kruse, P.; Schriemer, H.; Hall, T.; LaPierre, R. R. The formation of supported monodisperse Au nanoparticles by UV/ozone oxidation process. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2006, 253, 2348–2354.
Nakaso, K.; Shimada, M.; Okuyama, K.; Deppert, K. Evaluation of the change in the morphology of gold nanoparticles during sintering. J. Aerosol Sci. 2002, 33, 1061–1074.
Mikkelsen, A.; Eriksson, J.; Lundgren, E.; Andersen, J. N.; Weissenreider, J.; Seifert, W. The influence of lysine on InP(001) surface ordering and nanowire growth. Nanotechnology 2005, 16, 2354–2359.
Borgstrom, M.; Deppert, K.; Samuelson, L.; Seifert, W. Size- and shape-controlled GaAs nano-whiskers grown by MOVPE: A growth study. J. Cryst. Growth 2004, 260, 18–22.
Joyce, H. J.; Gao, Q.; Tan, H. H.; Jagadish, C.; Kim, Y.; Zhang, X.; Guo, Y.; Zou, J. Twin-free uniform epitaxial GaAs nanowires grown by a two-temperature process. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 921–926.
Algra, R. E.; Verheijen, M. A.; Borgstrom, M. T.; Feiner, L. -F.; Immink, G.; van Enckevort, W. J. P.; Vlieg, E.; Bakkers, E. P. A. M. Twinning superlattices in indium phosphide nanowires. Nature 2008, 456, 369–372.
Caroff, P.; Dick, K. A.; Johansson, J.; Messing, M. E.; Deppert, K.; Samuelson, L. Controlled polytypic and twinplane superlattices in III–V nanowires. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 50–55.
Johansson, J.; Karlsson, L. S.; Dick, K. A.; Bolinsson, J.; Wacaser, B. A.; Deppert, K.; Samuelson, L. Effects of supersaturation on the crystal structure of gold seeded III–V nanowires. Cryst. Growth Des. 2009, 9, 766–773.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0 ), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Messing, M.E., Hillerich, K., Bolinsson, J. et al. A comparative study of the effect of gold seed particle preparation method on nanowire growth. Nano Res. 3, 506–519 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-010-0011-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-010-0011-y