Table 1 Summary of evidence-based studies in the US since 2014 on RSVH
Study | RSV seasons | Study population | Key outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
National studies | |||
Kong et al. [22] | 2013–2014 vs. 2014–2015 | 29–34 wGA aged < 6 months | RSV IP use declined up to 95% RSVH rate ratios among 29–34 wGA infants aged < 3 months increased by 1.41- to 2.65-fold in 2014–2015 vs. 2013–2014 (P < 0.05) |
Goldstein et al. [21] | 2012–2014 vs. 2014–2016 | 29–34 wGA aged < 6 months | RSV IP use declined by ≥ 74%; risk of RSVH among 29–34 wGA infants relative to term infants aged < 6 months increased in 2014–2016 vs. 2012–2014 (~ 1.5- to 2-fold; P < 0.0001) |
Krilov et al. [23] | 2011–2014 vs. 2014–2017 | 29–34 wGA aged < 6 months | A decrease in RSV IP (P < 0.001) was associated with a 55% higher risk of RSVH for 29–34 wGA infants relative to term infants in 2014–2017 vs. 2011–2014 (P = 0.011) |
Goldstein et al. [25] | 2012–2014 vs. 2014–2016 | < 29 wGA aged < 12 months | RSV IP use declined by up to 46% among AAP in-policy < 29 wGA infants, and this was associated with an increase in RSVH RRs in 2014–2016 vs. 2012–2014 |
Regional studies | |||
Rajah et al. [18] | 2013–2014 vs. 2014–2015 | 29–34 wGA aged < 12 months | The proportion of RSVH increased in 2014–2015 (7.1%) vs. 2013–2014 (3.5%; P = 0.01) among 29–34 wGA infants aged < 6 months |
Farber et al. [12] | 2012–2014 vs. 2014–2015 | 29–32 wGA aged < 6 months | There were no significant year-to-year changes in RSVH rates (4.65%, 2012–2013; 3.06%, 2013–2014; 5.41%, 2014–2015) |
Grindeland et al. [16] | 2012–2014 vs. 2014–2015 | Children aged < 2 years | RSV IP use decreased (P < 0.0001), but there was no significant change in RSVH rate per 1000 children in 2012–2014 (5.37) vs. 2014–2015 (5.78) |
Blake et al. [19] | 2012–2014 vs. 2014–2016 | 29 to < 32 wGA aged < 12 months | A decrease in RSV IP use (P = 0.01) was associated with an increase in RSVH admissions in 29–32 wGA infants (P = 0.04) |
Espinosa et al. [24] | 2012–2013 vs. 2014–2016 | Preterm infants aged < 1 year | The RSVH incidence rate was 52% higher than what was predicted for 29–35 wGA infants in 2014–2016 (P < 0.001) |
Zembles et al. [20] | 2012–2014 vs. 2014–2017 | ≥ 29 and < 35 wGA aged < 12 months | There was no significant change in the number of RSVH during the three seasons after the 2014 AAP policy. However, the proportion of RSVH increased in 2014–2017 vs. 2012–2014 (17.2% vs. 9.7%; P = 0.0047; unpublished data) |