Table 2 Costs of MG reported by included studies
From: Economic Costs of Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review
Author (year) | Estimated cost(s) | Perspective of analysis | Currency; year of valuation | Cost result(s) [in 2018 US dollars§] | Risk of bias† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chicaiza-Becerra et al. (2012) [9] | Cost of MG crisis (including medical treatment and inpatient care) | Healthcare/payer | Colombian peso (COL$); 2008 | Mean per-patient cost of myasthenic crisis (n = NR): COL$10,360 [< $10] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊ (age and sex NR) Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Desai et al. (2020) [23] | Cost per hospitalization of takotsubo syndrome secondary to MG crisis (i.e. total hospital charge) | Healthcare/payer | US dollar ($); year NRa | Median per-patient cost per hospitalization (n = 175): $134,000 [$142,130] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊◊ Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Furlan et al. (2016) [10] | Cost of IVIG and PLEX (including hospital costs, costs of blood products, and physician fees) as treatment for exacerbation of moderate to severe MG | Healthcare/payer | Canadian dollar (C$); 2014 | Mean per-patient cost of IVIG (n = 32): C$8310 [$6620] Mean per-patient cost of PLEX (n = 38): C$6270 [$4990] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊◊ Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Guptill et al. (2011) [11] | Direct medical cost | Healthcare/payer | US dollar ($); year NRb | Mean per-patient annual direct medical cost (pooled sample, n = 1288): $24,990 [$28,780] Mean per-patient annual direct medical cost (age: 0–19 years, n = 21): $7910 [$9100] Mean per-patient annual direct medical cost (age: 20–39 years, n = 84): $37,520 [$43,210] Mean per-patient annual direct medical cost (age: 40–65 years, n = 704): $27,610 [$31,790] Mean per-patient annual direct medical cost (age: > 65 years, n = 479): $20,690 [$23,820] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊◊ Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Guptill et al. (2012) [12] | Direct medical cost | Healthcare/payer | US dollar ($); year NRc | Mean per-patient annual direct medical cost (n = 113): $20,190 [$23,630] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊◊ Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Heatwole et al. (2011) [13] | Cost of IVIG and PLEX (including cost of therapy, cost of hospitalization, and cost of secondary complications) as a treatment for MG crisis | Healthcare/payer | US dollar ($); year NRb | Mean per-patient cost of IVIG (n = NR): $78,810 [$90,760] Mean per-patient cost of PLEX (n = NR): $101,140 [$116,470] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊ (age and sex NR) Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Lai and Tseng (2010) [14] | Direct medical cost; cost per outpatient care service; cost per hospitalization | Healthcare/payer | New Taiwan dollar (NT$); 2007 | Mean per-patient direct medical cost (n = 3205): NT$42,080 [$1780] Mean per-patient cost per outpatient care service (n = 3205): NT$1890 [$80] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (n = 3205): NT$107,980 [$4560] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊ (age and sex NR) Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Mandawat et al. (2010) [15] | Hospital cost (i.e. total hospital charge) of IVIG and PLEX as treatment for MG and MG crisis, respectively | Healthcare/payer | US dollar ($); year NRd | Median per-patient hospital cost of IVIG (MG, n = 171): $21,120 [$28,080] Median per-patient hospital cost of PLEX (MG, n = 737): $26,660 [$35,450] Median per-patient hospital cost of IVIG (MG crisis, n = 169): $33,920 [$45,100] Median per-patient hospital cost of PLEX (MG crisis, n = 529): $53,800 [$71,520] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊◊ Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Mouri et al. (2019) [16] | Cost per hospitalization (i.e. total hospital charge) | Healthcare/payer | US dollar ($); year NRe | Median per-patient cost per hospitalization (sugammadex, n = 506): $13,190 [$13,800] Median per-patient cost per hospitalization (placebo, n = 289): $14,120 [$14,770] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊◊ Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Narla et al. (2020) [24] | Cost per hospitalization (derived from hospital charges using the cost-to-charge ratio from the HCUP) | Healthcare/payer | US dollar ($); 2014 | Mean (geometric) per-patient cost per hospitalization (pemphigus, n = NR): $14,970 [$15,880] Mean (geometric) per-patient cost per hospitalization (pemphigoid, n = NR): $13,300 [$14,110] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊ (age and sex NR) Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Ogino et al. (2017) [17] | Direct medical cost | Healthcare/payer | Yen (¥); 2016 | Mean per-patient annual direct medical cost (n = NR): ¥82,940 [$760] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊ (age and sex NR) Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Omorodion et al. (2017) [18] | Cost per hospitalization (i.e. total hospital charge) | Healthcare/payer | US dollar ($); 2013 | Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (pooled sample, n = 5535): $98,800 [$106,490] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (age: 1–7 years, n = 145): $66,860 [$72,070] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (age: 18–44 years, n = 1195): $82,790 [$89,240] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (age: 45–64 years, n = 1705): $93,030 [$100,280] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (age: 65–84 years, n = 2165): $117,000 [$126,110] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (age: ≥ 85 years, n = 320): $83,710 [$90,240] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (males, n = 2380): $110,490 [$119,100] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (females, n = 3150): $90,290 [$97,330] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊◊ Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Schepelmann et al. (2010) [19] | Direct medical cost; indirect cost (production losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism, as well as informal care, estimated using the HCA); and total cost of illness | Societal | Euro (€); 2009 | Mean per-patient annual direct medical cost (n = 41): €11,840 [$15,050] Mean per-patient annual indirect cost (including informal care) (n = 41): €2790 [$3550] Mean per-patient annual informal care cost (n = 41): €910 [$1160] Mean per-patient annual total cost of illness (n = 41): €14,950 [$19,000] Mean per-patient annual total cost of illness (ADL assistance, n = NR): €44,690 [$56,800] Mean per-patient annual total cost of illness (no ADL assistance, n = NR): €11,360 [$14,440] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊◊ Outcome: ◊◊ (self-reported data) |
Sonkar et al. (2017) [20] | Direct medical cost (i.e. out-of-pocket expenditures incurred during the management of MG and associated co-morbiditiesf); indirect cost (i.e. production losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism) estimated using the HCAg | Societal | Indian rupee (₹); 2016 | Median per-patient annual direct medical cost (n = 66): ₹48,570 [$730] Median per-patient annual indirect cost (n = 66): ₹5100 [$80] Median per-patient annual total cost of illness (n = 66): ₹61,390 [$920] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊◊ Outcome: ◊◊ (self-reported data) |
Souayah et al. (2009) [21] | Cost per hospitalization (i.e. total hospital charge) | Healthcare/payer | US dollar ($); 2002 | Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (pooled sample, n = 994): $118,000 [$164,730] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (age: < 50 years, n = 196): $113,100 [$157,890] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (age: ≥ 50 years, n = 798): $119,100 [$166,260] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (urban teaching hospital, n = NR): $75,200 [$104,980] Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (urban non-teaching hospital, n = NR): $118,300 [$165,150] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊◊ Outcome: ◊◊◊ |
Tiamkao et al. (2014) [22] | Cost per hospitalization (i.e. total hospital charge) | Healthcare/payer | Thai baht (฿); 2010 | Mean per-patient cost per hospitalization (n = 936): ฿68,730 [$2550] | Selection: ◊◊◊◊ Comparability: ◊◊ Outcome: ◊◊◊ |