Fig. 7: Applications enabled via bulk specimen polarimetry (in vivo and ex vivo).
From: Polarisation optics for biomedical and clinical applications: a review
a General backscattering-mode polarimetric imaging: (i) MMs and original sample images for several ex vivo bulk specimens167. (ii) Polarisation properties of ex vivo bladder tissue256. (iii) Polarisation properties using combined wavelength information for in vivo characterisation of rat abdomen tissue92. b Certain specific backscattering-mode phantoms: (i) Full-depth MM confocal imaging of an unstained rat cornea265. (ii) PS-OCT imaging for a nerve head, which is conducted under the condition of in vivo eye imaging34. (iii) A birefringent phantom designed for bulk tissue research270. (a(ii)) Adapted with permission ref. 256. CC BY 4.0. (a(i), a(iii), b(i), b(ii) and b (iii)) Adapted with permission from refs. 34,92,167,265,270 © The Optical Society