Fig. 1: WNV infection of human cerebral organoids.

Human cerebral organoids were infected with 1 × 10⁴ WNV infectious particles. Results were obtained in two independent experiments, both sampling to at least 14 dpi, whereby one experiment additionally included 21 and 28 dpi. WNV infection of human cerebral organoids resulted in robust infection. a Heterogeneous courses of infection were observed over the time of 28 days. n = 4-47 per timepoint (see Methods for details; Exact sample sizes are provided in Source Data file). Left: Line trough median. Right: Individual infection kinetics. b Individual courses of infection varied in regards to the day the peak viral titer was reached, uncovering a bimodal distribution. Peak day was evaluated for organoids with minimum 7 dpi in the experiment. Two organoids did not show one clear peak, but reached peak titer over several time points and were therefore excluded from this analysis. (n = 30). c Peak titer was evaluated for all organoids with minimum 7 dpi in the experiment (n = 32). Titers reached at the viral peak showed a median value of 2.18 × 10⁶ FFU/ml with a broad range from 1.57 × 10² FFU/ml to 8.85 × 10⁸ FFU/ml. Individual data points as dots. Box shows median and interquartile range; whiskers show minimum and maximum values. Limit of detection (LOD): 88.5 × 10² FFU/ml. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.