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Table 2 Mean mortality (% ± SE) of 4th instar larvae of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus treated with Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were used each @ 1 × 106 conidia ml−1 and H. bacteriophora was applied @ 100 IJs ml−1 (Bb: Beauveria bassiana, Ma: Metarhizium anisopliae, EPN: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, IJs: Infective Juveniles).

From: Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)

Treatments

Intervalsa

Weekb

Observed mortality

Expected mortality

Chi Sq.

Type of interaction

Bb

1

9.18

2

11.22

3

16.32

Ma

1

6.12

2

9.18

3

14.28

EPN

1

12.24

2

17.34

3

23.46

Bb + EPN

0

1

24.29

20.30

0.71

Additive

0

2

34.69

26.62

1.87

Additive

0

3

51.02

35.96

4.44

Synergistic

Ma + EPN

0

1

19.58

17.61

0.19

Additive

0

2

28.86

24.93

0.53

Additive

0

3

44.32

34.40

2.22

Additive

Bb + EPN

7

1

27.83

22.09

1.18

Additive

7

2

43.29

30.84

3.58

Additive

7

3

61.85

42.99

5.75

Synergistic

Ma + EPN

7

1

23.71

20.30

0.48

Additive

7

2

38.14

29.15

2.11

Additive

7

3

55.67

40.64

4.05

Synergistic

Bb + EPN

14

1

42.26

30.84

3.08

Additive

14

2

58.76

42.99

4.23

Synergistic

14

3

80.41

57.39

6.58

Synergistic

Ma + EPN

14

1

36.08

29.15

1.33

Additive

14

2

54.63

40.64

3.58

Additive

14

3

72.16

53.95

4.50

Synergistic

  1. aIntervals between the application of EPFs and EPNs. bWeek after fungal application.