Figure 3
Schematic illustrations of conceptual induced seismicity response paths. In (a) we show the potential evolution of ΣM0 relative to ΔV for three conceptual scenarios. Scenario 1 (in green) shows an arrested-rupture case, where magnitudes are always limited by the injection volume according to Eq. (3), with SEFF = 0.5. Scenario 2 (orange) shows a runaway rupture case, where ΣM0 exceeds this cap given by Eq. (3). However, over time, once the tectonic strain energy budget has been released the cumulative seismic moment relationship reverts to that described by Eq. 3. Scenario 3 (red) shows a runaway rupture case where the tectonic strain energy continues to contribute to the induced seismicity over an extended period, with ΣM0 continuing to exceed the Eq. (3) cap. In (b) we show the same conceptual scenario paths viewed with respect to SEFF.