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Table 2 Sensitivity analyses for the primary outcome

From: Rationale and design of the CAROLINA® - cognition substudy: a randomised controlled trial on cognitive outcomes of linagliptin versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Reason sensitivity analysis

How is the sensitivity analysis performed?

Check the influence of inappropriate inclusion, potentially confounding co-morbid conditions and trial medication use

Participants will be excluded from the analysis if:

• major inclusion or exclusion criteria are violated

• incorrect trial medication is taken

• major neurological or psychiatric disease was present at baseline

Check the influence of classifying participants who did not understand the instructions at follow-up as having accelerated cognitive decline

The last observation carried forward method will be used for patients with missing MMSE and A&E RBI-scores at follow-up if the reason for missing is the inability of the patient to understand the instructions (instead of classifying them as having accelerated cognitive decline)

Check for bias by differential lost to follow-up (worst case scenario)

All patients with missing MMSE and A&E RBI-scores at follow-up will be considered to have accelerated cognitive decline

Investigate the impact of further baseline variables on the RBI score result, Check for confounding by depression symptoms

Age, gender, years of formal education, race, ethnicity and language and CES-D (score < 16, ≥16) are included as covariates in the logistic regression analysis