Prevalence, patterns, and correlates of physical activity in Nepal: findings from a nationally representative study using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)

Table 4 Results of multiple regression analyses with socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics as independent variables and total physical activity level as the dependent variable

	Total physical activity^a/B^b (95% CI)^c
	Males	p-value^d	Females	p-value^d
Age in years
15–29	Ref		Ref
30–44	-2 (− 8–4)	0.516	−1 (− 4–3)	0.702
45–69	− 20 (− 28 – − 13)	< 0.001	− 12 (− 18 – − 9)	< 0.001
Marital status
Never married	Ref		Ref
Currently married	7 (0–14)	0.032	7 (3–12)	0.001
Divorced/widowed/separated	11 (− 5–3)	0.194	−4 (− 11–4)	0.354
Education level
No formal schooling	Ref		Ref
Primary	−5 (−12–2)	0.124	4 (0–7)	0.028
Secondary	−14 (− 20 – − 6)	< 0.001	-6 (− 10 – − 2)	0.002
Higher	−30 (− 43 – −19)	< 0.001	− 10 (− 18 – − 2)	0.011
Place of residence
Rural	Ref		Ref
Urban	−19 (−25 – − 12)	< 0.001	−10 (− 12 – − 5)	< 0.001
Smoking status
Non-smoker	Ref		Ref
Smoker	− 11 (− 16 – − 5)	< 0.001	− 11 (− 16 – − 6)	< 0.001
Body mass index
Underweight	−11 (− 18 – − 3)	0.006	−8 (− 11 – − 4)	< 0.001
Normal weight	Ref		Ref
Overweight	−9 (− 14 – −2)	0.010	0 (− 4–3)	0.880
Obese	−27 (− 43 – − 11)	< 0.001	− 4 (− 11–2)	0.161

^aDependent variable was log-transformed prior to the analysis
^bPercent difference (from the reference category) in the dependent variable associated with being in the given category (calculated based on the antilog of unstandardized regression coefficient)
^c95% confidence interval for the unstandardized regression coefficient
^dp-value for the unstandardized regression coefficient