A comparative study of healthy lifestyle behaviors and related factors among Iranian male and female adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Shirzadi, Shayesteh; Borzu, Zahra Arab; Jahanfar, Shayesteh; Alvani, Somayeh; Balouchi, Maliheh; Gerow, Hadiseh Jalali; Zarvekanloo, Soudabeh; Seraj, Fatemeh

doi:10.1186/s12889-025-21688-6

Table 3 The relationship between demographic and underlying variabels with HPBs and its domains among adolescent males (N = 500)

From: A comparative study of healthy lifestyle behaviors and related factors among Iranian male and female adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Variables	Nutrition mean ± SD	Physical activity mean ± SD	Interpersonal relationships mean ± SD	Spiritual growth mean ± SD	Health responsibility mean ± SD	Stress management mean ± SD	Total HPBs
Age
<=14	24.7 ± 4.02	23.4 ± 5.5	24.2 ± 4.5	28.2 ± 5.33	22 ± 5.92	22.18 ± 4.25	145.1 ± 23.8
14–16	25.2 ± 4.64	22 ± 5.85	24.2 ± 4.9	28.8 ± 5.25	20 ± 5.16	21.4 ± 4.36	141.8 ± 25.2
>=16	23.7 ± 5	21.8 ± 5.7	23.07 ± 4.21	26.4 ± 5.61	20.23 ± 6.07	21.09 ± 4.8	136.3 ± 25.8
p-value	0.003	0.001	0.01	0.001	0.001	0.01	0.001
Effect size	0.33	0.3	0.25	0.43	0.37	0.24	0.36
Grade
First High School	24.8 ± 4.2	22.7 ± 5.8	24.06 ± 4.45	28.3 ± 5.36	21.01 ± 5.8	21.5 ± 4.47	142.9 ± 2.45
Second High School	24.2 ± 4.96	22.2 ± 5.59	23.9 ± 4.5	27.4 ± 5.5	20.7 ± 5.63	21.8 ± 4.65	144.2 ± 2.57
p-value	0.55	0.09	0.175	0.06	0.06	0.031	0.109
Effect size	0.13	0.08	0.04	0.16	0.12	0.07	0.51
Father’s education level
Illiterate	22.2 ± 5.08	19.7 ± 3.94	22.14 ± 4.01	27 ± 5.59	21 ± 8.02	21.14 ± 4.29	133.29 ± 25.26
Elementary	24.7 ± 4.11	22.05 ± 5.04	23.96 ± 4.4	28.5 ± 4.51	21.4 ± 5.23	21.9 ± 3.94	142.5 ± 23.03
Middle School	24.1 ± 4.5	21.3 ± 6.33	23.6 ± 4.64	27 ± 5.5	19.7 ± 5.23	20.8 ± 4.5	136.7 ± 24.7
Diploma	25.3 ± 4.8	24.2 ± 5.63	24.2 ± 4.86	28.4 ± 6.14	21.19 ± 5.8	22.04 ± 5	145.6 ± 26.9
University	23.8 ± 3.93	23.2 ± 4.56	25.9 ± 3.98	27.9 ± 5.1	22.4 ± 5.94	22.6 ± 4.5	145.8 ± 21
p-value	0.55	0.09	0.175	0.66	0.06	0.031	0.109
Effect size	0.65	0.81	0.91	0.25	0.41	0.35	0.52
Mother’s job
Housewife	24.9 ± 4.45	22.6 ± 5.5	23.9 ± 4.53	28.1 ± 5.32	21.09 ± 5.5	21.7 ± 4.42	142.5 ± 24.3
Employee	24 ± 4.58	24.4 ± 5.6	25.7 ± 4.6	26.6 ± 5.6	21.84 ± 6.34	22.07 ± 4.5	144.7 ± 24.9
Laborer	21.8 ± 4.62	20 ± 8.96	21.8 ± 6.4	27 ± 7.87	15.5 ± 6.5	20.8 ± 7.02	127 ± 35.2
Self-employed	21.8 ± 4.44	19.5 ± 5.04	23.7 ± 4.3	26.7 ± 5.8	19.4 ± 6.7	20.63 ± 5.14	132.2 ± 27.4
p-value	0.049	0.123	0.346	0.619	0.103	0.828	0.259
Effect size	0.68	0.81	0.78	0.26	0.97	0.22	0.68
Presence of parents in the family
Both parents	24.9 ± 4.52	22.6 ± 5.6	24.1 ± 4.6	28 ± 5.39	20.9 ± 5.58	21.6 ± 4.5	142.4 ± 25
Only Mother	21.3 ± 3.47	21.6 ± 6.61	22.3 ± 4.7	27.07 ± 6.48	20.7 ± 4.45	21.38 ± 4.82	133.9 ± 25.5
Only father	22.6 ± 3.5	19 ± 4	23.1 ± 1.15	23.6 ± 0.57	20.6 ± 3.31	21.6 ± 0.57	131 ± 11.03
p-value	0.015	0.475	0.41	0.306	0.89	0.97	0.38
Effect size	0.92	0.72	0.4	0.54	0.07	0.11	0.64

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