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Fig. 4 | BMC Oral Health

Fig. 4

From: Root canals shaped by nickel-titanium instrumentation with automated computerized numerical control systems

Fig. 4The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

The offset of the central axis before and after root canal preparation using the four preparation methods and various insertion angles: a Significant difference between the four preparation methods; b Significant difference between the insertion angles. Horizontal axis means the distance from the apex of root canal, which was used to evaluate the offset of root canal after preparation

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