Does hospital competition improve the quality of outpatient care? - empirical evidence from a quasi-experiment in a Chinese city

Table 2 The impact of competition on the odds of having follow-up encounters (without IV)

	Any healthcare facilities				Any outpatient facilities				Any hospital outpatient departments
	Estimate	SE	P-value	Sig.	Estimate	SE	P-value	Sig.	Estimate	SE	P-value	Sig.
Intercept	10.621	0.501	< 0.001	***	-9.82	0.416	< 0.001	***	-10.135	0.411	< 0.001	***
Log(HHI)	0.299	0.042	< 0.001	***	0.168	0.035	< 0.001	***	0.189	0.035	< 0.001	***
Log(age)	0.316	0.128	0.014	*	-0.059	0.095	0.535		-0.016	0.096	0.87
Gender_female
Gender_male	0.135	0.061	0.027	*	0.048	0.045	0.285		0.04	0.045	0.37
Insurance_working employees
Insurance_working residents	-25.505	0.179	< 0.001	***	-23.217	0.157	< 0.001	***	-23.223	0.159	< 0.001	***
Insurance_non-working residents	-26.422	0.245	< 0.001	***	-24.701	0.236	< 0.001	***	-24.756	0.235	< 0.001	***
Insurance_non-working employees	-0.194	0.085	0.022	*	-20.978	0.087	< 0.001	***	-21.022	0.082	< 0.001	***
Comorbidity_no
Comorbidity_yes	-0.215	0.058	< 0.001	***	-0.129	0.039	0.001	***	-0.131	0.039	0.001	***
Class_non-accredited
Class_first	1.283	0.147	< 0.001	***	21.377	0.218	< 0.001	***	21.395	0.219	< 0.001	***
Class_second	1.204	0.148	< 0.001	***	21.57	0.22	< 0.001	***	21.622	0.221	< 0.001	***
Class_third	0.99	0.524	0.059	.	21.328	0.531	< 0.001	***	21.31	0.536	< 0.001	***
*Random intercepts*
Time	Yes
Hospital	Yes
Individual	Yes

SE represents the standard error; Sig. represents the significance codes: < 0.001 ***, < 0.01**, < 0.05 *, < 0.01