Does hospital competition improve the quality of outpatient care? - empirical evidence from a quasi-experiment in a Chinese city

Table 3 The impacts of competition on the odds of having follow-up encounters (with IV)

	Any healthcare facilities				Any outpatient facilities				Any hospital outpatient departments
	Estimate	SE	P-value	Sig.	Estimate	SE	P-value	Sig.	Estimate	SE	P-value	Sig.
Intercept	10.888	0.503	< 0.001	***	-9.741	0.416	< 0.001	***	-9.882	0.419	< 0.001	***
Log(HHI)	0.252	0.03	< 0.001	***	0.115	0.025	< 0.001	***	0.116	0.024	< 0.001	***
Log(age)	0.299	0.128	0.019	*	-0.062	0.094	0.51		-0.044	0.095	0.641
Gender_female
Gender_male	0.128	0.061	0.036	*	0.048	0.045	0.288		0.041	0.045	0.366
Insurance_working employees
Insurance_working residents	-25.668	0.183	< 0.001	***	-23.256	0.158	< 0.001	***	-23.297	0.161	< 0.001	***
Insurance_non-working residents	-26.47	0.244	< 0.001	***	-24.716	0.236	< 0.001	***	-24.703	0.235	< 0.001	***
Insurance_non-working employees	-0.192	0.085	0.023	*	-20.977	0.084	< 0.001	***	-21.003	0.083	< 0.001	***
Comorbidity_no
Comorbidity_yes	-0.202	0.059	0.001	***	-0.128	0.039	0.001	***	-0.136	0.039	< 0.001	***
Class_non-accredited
Class_first	1.232	0.147	< 0.001	***	21.357	0.219	< 0.001	***	21.425	0.219	< 0.001	***
Class_second	1.178	0.146	< 0.001	***	21.567	0.22	< 0.001	***	21.669	0.22	< 0.001	***
Class_third	1.028	0.524	0.05	*	21.327	0.532	< 0.001	***	21.355	0.534	< 0.001	***
*Random intercepts*
Time	Yes
Hospital	Yes
Individual	Yes

SE represents the standard error; Sig. represents the significance codes: < 0.001 ***, < 0.01**, < 0.05 *, < 0.01