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Table 2 Current depressive symptoms (standardised PHQ-9 scores) predicted by age and conformity to masculine norms (standardised CMNI-22 factors)

From: Associations between conformity to masculine norms and depression: age effects from a population study of Australian men

	β^b	p value	95% CI
(Intercept)	0.11	0.00	[0.05, 0.17]
Age^a
15–17	0.08	0.03	[0.01, 0.16]
18–25	0.14	0.00	[0.08, 0.20]
26–35	0.09	0.00	[0.03, 0.14]
36–50	0.05	0.06	[0.00, 0.10]
CMNI factors
Work	− 0.05	0.00	[− 0.06, − 0.03]
Playboy	0.01	0.60	[− 0.03, 0.06]
Winning	0.08	0.00	[0.03, 0.13]
Self-reliance	0.33	0.00	[0.29, 0.38]
Dominance	− 0.03	0.00	[− 0.04, − 0.01]
Risk-taking	− 0.03	0.00	[− 0.05, − 0.02]
Emotional control	− 0.01	0.36	[− 0.02, 0.01]
Heterosexual presentation	− 0.02	0.03	[− 0.04, 0.00]
Power over women	0.00	0.87	[− 0.05, 0.04]
Violence	0.05	0.00	[0.03, 0.07]
Status	− 0.02	0.01	[− 0.04, − 0.01]
Age × playboy^a
15–17	0.11	0.00	[0.04, 0.19]
18–25	0.07	0.02	[0.01, 0.13]
26–35	0.12	0.00	[0.06, 0.17]
36–50	0.06	0.04	[0.00, 0.11]
Age × winning^a
15–17	− 0.09	0.01	[− 0.16, − 0.02]
18–25	− 0.12	0.00	[− 0.18, − 0.06]
26–35	− 0.11	0.00	[− 0.17, − 0.05]
36–50	− 0.08	0.00	[− 0.14, − 0.03]
Age × self-reliance^a
15–17	− 0.09	0.02	[− 0.16, − 0.02]
18–25	− 0.03	0.26	[− 0.09, 0.02]
26–35	− 0.10	0.00	[− 0.15, − 0.04]
36–50	− 0.06	0.02	[− 0.11, − 0.01]
Age × power over women^a
15–17	− 0.09	0.02	[− 0.16, − 0.01]
18–25	− 0.07	0.03	[− 0.13, − 0.01]
26–35	− 0.01	0.70	[− 0.07, 0.05]
36–50	− 0.02	0.55	[− 0.07, − 0.04]

Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level
All models adjusted for Index of Relative Social Disadvantage (IRSD) and Remoteness Area
^aReference group for age is the 51–55 age group
^bInteraction terms represent the difference in β’s between the comparison group and reference group

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