Table 2 Engineered non-CAR γδ T cell therapies
From: Gamma delta T cells and their immunotherapeutic potential in cancer
Year(s) | Technology | Cancer(s) | Effects/Status | Citation(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | Stimulation of IFN-γ and upregulation of CD25, CD69, and CD107a in γδ T cells using polysaccharide K from mushrooms | HER2+ breast cancer | Successful in vitro and in vivo preclinical trials | [197] |
2014, 2018 | Inhibition of CD3ε on Vδ2 T cells with anti-CD3ε antibodies | B-cell lymphoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Successful in vitro and in vivo preclinical trials | |
2018, 2023 | Engineered human anti-CD19 antibody and fused its Fab fragment to γδ TCR constant chain with adding scFv/CD28 co-stimulatory molecule to anti-CD19 fragment | Relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell and primary CNS lymphomas | Successful preclinical and phase 1 clinical trials; induced rapid complete responses and durable remissions; good safety profile | |
2022 | Inhibition of CTLA-4 and PD-1 on Vδ2 T cells using mAbs to increase γδ T cell infiltration and killing of melanoma cells | Melanoma | Successful in preclinical trials | [201] |
2023 | CD20-directed Vδ2 T cells (generated using antibody-cell conjugation) | Relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma | Successful in vitro and in vivo preclinical trials | [204] |
2024 | Vδ2 T cells modified to secrete stIL15 and scFv-Fc fusion proteins targeting GD2 (stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells) | Osteosarcoma | Successful in vitro and in vivo preclinical trials | [205] |