Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the oral wound healing effects of acai berry water extracts (ABWE) in rat oral mucosa. To estimate the anti-oxidative effects of ABWE, the contents of phenolic compounds, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) abilities were evaluated. Wound healing effects of ABWE were tested following 6-day exposure after induction of wound by applying 50% acetic acid to oral mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses were performed to determine wound healing effects of ABWE. Sodium fusidate (20 mg/g) was used as positive control. ABWE showed significantly high antioxidant effects in all assays, although its potency was weaker than the positive control. From day 3 after treatment, wound healing effects of ABWE were observed in oral mucosa. These wound healing effects were also consistent with histopathological evaluation results. Taken together, these results indicate that ABWE might have potential as an oral wound healing agent in the future.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Muralidhar, A., Babu, K.S., Sankar, T.R., Reddanna, P. and Latha, J. (2011) Evaluation of wound healing properties of bioactive fractions from the extract of Butea monosperma (lam) stem bark. Int. J. Phytomed., 3, 41–49.
Velnar, T., Bailey, T. and Smrkolj, V. (2009) The wound healing process: an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms. J. Int. Med. Res., 37, 1528–1542.
Sciubba, J.J., Waterhouse, J.P. and Meyer, J. (1978) A fine structural comparison of the healing of incisional wounds of mucosa and skin. J. Oral Pathol., 7, 214–227.
Kirsner, R.S. and Eaglstein, W.H. (1993) The wound healing process. Dermatol. Clin., 11, 629–640.
Park, J.E. and Barbul, A. (2004) Understanding the role of immune regulation in wound healing. Am. J. Surg., 187, 11S–16S.
Diegelmann, R.F. and Evans, M.C. (2004) Wound healing: an overview of acute, fibrotic and delayed healing. Front. Biosci., 9, 283–289.
Cleland, W.P., Jr. (2001) Opportunities and obstacles in veterinary dental drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 50, 261–275.
Han, D.O., Lee, H.J. and Hahm, D.H. (2009) Wound-healing activity of Astragali radix in rats. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 31, 95–100.
Schauss, A.G., Wu, X., Prior, R.L., Ou, B., Patel, D., Huang, D. and Kababick, J.P. (2006) Phytochemical and nutrient composition of the freeze-dried amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae mart. (acai). J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 8598–8603.
Kim, S.Y., Park, K.H., Moon, H.D., Jung, S.H., Lee, S.E. and Kim, B.H. (2017) Anti-inflammatory effects of acai berry ethanol extracts. J. Kor. Soc. Cosm., 23, 669–676.
Kang, M.H., Choi, S.H. and Kim, B.H. (2017) Skin wound healing effects and action mechanism of acai berry water extracts. Toxicol. Res., 33, 149–156.
Folin, O. and Denis, W. (1912) On phosphotungstic-phos-phomolybdic compounds as color regents. J. Biol. Chem., 12, 239–243.
Blois, M.S. (1958) Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199–1200.
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M. and Rice-Evans, C. (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 26, 1231–1237.
Marklund, S. and Marklund, G. (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem., 47, 469–474.
Fujisawa, K., Miyamoto, Y. and Nagayama, M. (2003) Basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor reverse impaired ulcer healing of the rabbit oral mucosa. J. Oral Pathol. Med., 32, 358–366.
Shim, K.M., Kim, S.E., Choi, J.Y., Park, J.C., Jeong, S.J., Lee, J.Y., Bae, C.S., Park, D.H., Kim, D.M. and Jeong, M.J. (2006) Effects of Aucuba japonica extract on oral wound healing. J. Vet. Clin., 23, 55–60.
Nayak, B.S., Sandiford, S. and Maxwell, A. (2009) Evaluation of the wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia L. leaf. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 6, 351–356.
Duarte, C.M., Quirino, M.R., Patrocínio, M.C. and Anbinder, A.L. (2011) Effects of Chamomilla recutita (L.) on oral wound healing in rats. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal, 16, 716–721.
Jung, H.K., Kim, K.S. and Jeong, Y.S. (2014) Wound healing effects of Lespedeza cuneate extract. J. Korea Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 43, 374–380.
Sen, C.K., Khanna, S., Gordillo, G., Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M. and Roy, S. (2002) Oxygen, oxidants, and antioxidants in wound healing: an emerging paradigm. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 957, 239–249.
Kang, J., Li, Z., Wu, T., Jensen, G.S., Schauss, A.G. and Wu, X. (2010) Anti-oxidant capacities of flavonoid compounds isolated from acai pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). Food Chem., 122, 610–617.
Kim, J.Y., Hong, J.E., Jung, H.K., Jeong, Y.S. and Cho, K.H. (2012) Grape skin and loquat leaf extracts and acai puree have potent anti-atherosclerotic and anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo in hypercholesterolemic zebrafish. Int. J. Mol. Med., 30, 606–614.
Lee, N.Y., Chung, K.S., Jin, J.S., Lee, Y.C. and An, H.J. (2017) The inhibitory effect of nodakenin on mast-cellmediated allergic inflammation via downregulation of NF-κB and caspase-1 activation. J. Cell Biochem., 118, 3993– 4001.
Clark, R.A. (1993) Regulation of fibroplasia in cutaneous wound repair. Am. J. Med. Sci., 306, 42–48.
Buranasukhon, W., Athikomkulchai, S., Tadtong, S. and Chittasupho, C. (2017) Wound healing activity of Pluchea indica leaf extract in oral mucosal cell line and oral spray formulation containing nanoparticles of the extract. Pharm Biol., 55, 1767–1774.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
About this article
Cite this article
Kang, M.H., Kim, BH. Oral Wound Healing Effects of Acai Berry Water Extracts in Rat Oral Mucosa. Toxicol Res. 34, 97–102 (2018). https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2018.34.2.097
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2018.34.2.097