Abstract
The ocean is a dominant feature of our planet, covering 70% of its surface and driving its climate and biosphere. The ocean sustains life on earth and yet is in peril from climate change.
Originally published in:
Hoegh-Guldberg. O., et al. 2019. “The ocean as a solution to climate change: five opportunities for action.” Report. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available online at http://www.oceanpanel.org/climate
Reprint by Springer International Publishing (2023) with kind permission.
Published under license from the World Resources Institute
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Abbreviations
- 2DS:
-
2 °C Scenario (IEA) consistent with at least a 50% chance of limiting the average global temperature increase to 2 °C by 2100
- AR:
-
Assessment report
- AR5:
-
Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC
- B2DS:
-
Beyond 2 °C Scenario (IEA)—innovation pipeline for reducing global temperatures below the 2DS scenario
- BAU:
-
Business as usual
- BTRs:
-
Biennial transparency reports
- CAGR:
-
Compound annual growth rate
- CCS:
-
Carbon capture and storage
- CO2:
-
Carbon dioxide
- COP:
-
Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- DW:
-
Dry weight
- FAO:
-
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- GHG:
-
Greenhouse gas
- GMST:
-
Global mean surface temperature
- GtCO2e:
-
Gigatons of equivalent CO2
- GVA:
-
Gross value added
- GWEC:
-
Global Wind Energy Council
- HCFC:
-
Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
- IEA:
-
International Energy Agency
- IMO:
-
International Maritime Organization
- IPCC:
-
International Panel on Climate Change
- LCOE:
-
Levelized cost of energy
- LED:
-
Low energy demand
- Milankovitch cycle:
-
The collective effects of changes in the earth’s movements on its climate over thousands of years
- Montréal Protocol:
-
Montréal Protocol on Substances that deplete the ozone layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion
- MW:
-
Megawatt
- NDCs:
-
Nationally determined contributions
- O&M:
-
Operation and maintenance
- OECD:
-
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- ORE:
-
Ocean-based Renewable Energy
- OSW:
-
Offshore wind
- OTEC:
-
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
- Paris Agreement:
-
Adopted on December 12, 2015, at the twenty-first session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, held in Paris from 30 November to 13 December, 2015
- RCP:
-
Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) is a GHG trajectory adopted by the IPCC for AR5 in 2014
- RD&D:
-
Research, development, and demonstration
- SDG:
-
Sustainable development goal
- SSP X:
-
Shared socioeconomic pathways
- TWh/yr:
-
Terawatt hour per year
- UN:
-
United Nations
- UNEP:
-
United Nations Environmental Programme
- UNFCCC:
-
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- VOC:
-
Volatile organic compound
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Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. (2023). The Ocean as a Solution to Climate Change: Five Opportunities for Action. In: Lubchenco, J., Haugan, P.M. (eds) The Blue Compendium. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_17
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