Abstract
The study of pollen should encompass all structural and ornamental aspects of the grain. Pollen morphology is studied using LM and SEM and is important to visualize the general features of a pollen grain, including, e.g., symmetry, shape, size, aperture number and location, as well as ornamentation. TEM investigations are used to highlight the stratification and the uniqueness of pollen wall layers as well as cytoplasmic features. The following sections explain the most important structural and sculptural pollen features a palynologist should observe.
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Halbritter, H. et al. (2018). Pollen Morphology and Ultrastructure. In: Illustrated Pollen Terminology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71365-6_3
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