Zusammenfassung
If motor vehicles are to be truly autonomous and able to operate responsibly on our roads, they will need to replicate – or do better than – the human decision-making process. But some decisions are more than just a mechanical application of traffic laws and plotting a safe path. They seem to require a sense of ethics, and this is a notoriously difficult capability to reduce into algorithms for a computer to follow.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Literatur
Anderson, J., Kalra, N., Stanley, K., Sorensen, P., Samaras, C., Oluwatola, O.: Autonomous vehicle technology: a guide for policymakers. Report by RAND Corporation. http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR443-1.html (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Associated Press. ATM ‘glitch’ gives $37,000 to lucky homeless man. Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2596977/ATM-glitch-gives-OVER-37-000-homeless-man-cash-requested-140.html (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Baldor, L.: China hacked the Pentagon to get weapons data. Talking Points Memo. http://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/china-hacked-the-pentagon-to-get-weapons-programs-data (2013). Accessed 8 July 2014
Cathcart, T.: The Trolley Problem, or Would You Throw the Fat Guy Off the Bridge? Workman Publishing Company, New York (2013)
Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission: Findings regarding the market events of May 6, 2010. CFTC and SEC, Washington DC. http://www.sec.gov/news/studies/2010/marketevents-report.pdf (2010). Accessed 8 July 2014
Curtis, P. and Hedlund, J.: Reducing deer-vehicle crashes. Report funded by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Cornell University, Ithaca. http://wildlifecontrol.info/pubs/Documents/Deer/Deer-Vehicle_factsheet1.pdf (2005). Accessed 8 July 2014
Davies, A.: Avoiding squirrels and other things Google's robot car can't do. Wired. http://www.wired.com/2014/05/google-self-driving-car-can-cant/ (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014 8. Edmonds, D.: Would You Kill the Fat Man? The Trolley Problem and What Your Answer Tells Us About Right and Wrong. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2014)
Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection: Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany. http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html(2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Floro, Z.: Man goes on a casino bender after an ATM let him take out unlimited cash. Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com/atm-gives-unlimited-cash-2012-6 (2012). Accessed 8 July 2014
Foot, P.: The problem of abortion and the doctrine of the double effect. Oxford Review 5, 5–15 (1967)
Fraichard, T.: Will the driver seat ever be empty? Report funded by Inria. http://hal.inria.fr/hal-00965176 (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Fraichard, T., and Asama, H.: Inevitable collision states: a step towards safer robots? Advanced Robotics 18(10), 1001–1024 (2004)
Garza, A.: ‘Look Ma, no hands!’: wrinkles and wrecks in the age of autonomous vehicles. New England Law Review 46(3), 581–616 (2012)
Goodall, N.J.: Autonomous car ethics. Interview with CBC radio. http://www.cbc.ca/spark/blog/2014/04/13/autonomous-car-ethics/ (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Goodall, N. J.: Machine ethics and automated vehicles. In: Meyer, G. and Beiker, S. (eds.) Road Vehicle Automation. Springer, Cham (2014)
Goodall, N. J.: Ethical decision making during automated vehicle crashes. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board (forthcoming)
Goodall, N. J.: Vehicle automation and the duty to act. In: Proceedings of the 21st World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, 7–11 September 2014, Detroit, Michigan (forthcoming)
Google: The latest chapter for the self-driving car: mastering city street driving. http://googleblog/.blogspot.co.at/2014/04/the-latest-chapter-for-self-driving-car.html (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Gurney, J.: Sue my car, not me: products liability and accidents involving autonomous vehicles. Journal of Law, Technology and Policy 2, 247–277 (2013)
Hern, A.: Self-driving cars face a long and winding road to success. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/28/self-driving-cars-google-success (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Hevelke, A. and Nida-Rumelin, J.: Responsibility for crashes of autonomous vehicles: an ethical analysis. Science and Engineering Ethics (2014). doi: 10.1007/s11948-014-9565-5
IEEE: IEEE code of ethics. http://www.ieee.org/about/corporate/governance/p7-8.html(2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
International Association of Public Transport: Observatory of automated metros. http://metroautomation.org/ (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Jaffe, E.: The first look at how Google's self-driving car handles city streets. The Atlantic/CityLab. http://www.citylab.com/tech/2014/04/first-look-how-googles-self-driving-car-handles-citystreets/8977/ (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
KPMG: Self-driving cars: are we ready? Report by KPMG. KPMG, Chicago. http://www.kpmg.com/US/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/self-driving-cars-are-we-ready.Pdf (2013). Accessed 8 July 2014
Lee, T.: Self-driving cars are a privacy nightmare. And it's totally worth it. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/05/21/self-driving-cars-are-a-privacy-nightmare-and-its-totally-worth-it/(2013). Accessed 8 July 2014
Leggett, H.: The new hacking frontier: your brain? Wired. http://www.wired.com/2009/07/neurosecurity/ (2009). Accessed 8 July 2014
Lin, P.: The ethics of saving lives with autonomous cars is far murkier than you think. Wired. http://www.wired.com/2013/07/the-surprising-ethics-of-robot-cars/ (2013). Accessed 8 July 2014
Lin, P.: The ethics of autonomous cars. The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/10/the-ethics-of-autonomous-cars/280360/ (2013). Accessed 8 July 2014
Lin, P.: Why the drone wars matter for automated cars. Lecture presented at Proceedings in Automated
Driving, Stanford Law School, 12 December 2013. http://stanford.io/1jeIQuw. Accessed 8 July 2014
Lin, P.: What if your autonomous car keeps routing you past Krispy Kreme? The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/what-if-your-autonomous-car-keeps-routing-you-past-krispy-kreme/283221 (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Lin, P.: Ethics and autonomous cars: why ethics matters, and how to think about it. Lecture presented at Daimler and Benz Foundation's Villa Ladenburg Project, Monterey, California, 21 February 2014
Lin, P.: The robot car of tomorrow might just be programmed to hit you. Wired. http://www/.wired.com/2014/05/the-robot-car-of-tomorrow-might-just-be-programmed-to-hit-you/ (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Lin, P., Bekey, G., Abney, K.: Autonomous military robotics: risk, ethics, and design. Report funded by the US Office of Naval Research. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. http://ethics.calpoly.edu/ONR_report.pdf (2008). Accessed 8 July 2014
Marcus, G.: Moral machines. New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2012/11/google-driverless-car-morality.html(2012). Accessed 8 July 2014
McCabe, R.: Navy, others still struggling to ditch Windows XP. The Virginian-Pilot. http://hamptonroads/.com/2014/06/navy-others-still-struggle-ditching-windows-xp (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Merat, N., Jamson, H., Lai F., and Carsten, O.: Human factors of highly automated driving: results from the EASY and CityMobil projects. In: Meyer, G. and Beiker, S. (eds) Road Vehicle Automation. Springer, Cham (2014)
Microsoft: Windows lifecycle fact sheet. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/lifecycle (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Mui, C. and Carroll, P.: Driverless Cars: Trillions Are Up For Grabs. Cornerloft Press, Seattle (2013)
Park, A.: Driverless cars to kill organ transplantation. DriverlessCarHQ. https://web.archive/.org/web/20120626151201/http://www.driverlesscarhq.com/transplants/ (2012). Accessed 8 July 2014
Roach, J.: Road rage at driverless cars? It's possible. NBC News. http://futureoftech-discuss/.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/01/20/10201865-road-rage-at-driverless-cars-its-possible (2012). Accessed
July 2014
Singer, P.W.: The robotic revolution. Brookings Institution. http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/12/11-robotics-military-singer (2012). Accessed 8 July 2014
Sinnott-Armstrong, W.: Consequentialism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford/.edu/entries/consequentialism/ (2011). Accessed 8 July 2014
Smith, B.W.: Planning for the obsolescence of technologies not yet invented. Stanford Law School's Center for Internet and Society. http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/blog/2013/10/planning-obsolescence-technologies-not-yet-invented (2013). Accessed 8 July 2014
Sternstein, A.: Why Feds are still buying IT that works with Windows XP. Nextgov. http://www.nextgov.com/cio-briefing/2014/04/why-feds-are-still-buying-it-works-windows-xp/81667/ (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Thomson, J.J.: Killing, letting die, and the trolley problem. The Monist 59, 204–217 (1976)
Transportation Research Board: Animal-vehicle collision data collection. http://onlinepubs.trb/.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_syn_370.pdf (2007). Accessed 8 July 2014
Villasenor, J.: Product liability and driverless cars: issues and guiding principles for legislation. Report by The Brookings Institution. http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2014/04/products-liability-driverless-cars-villasenor (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Waterfield, B. and Day, M.: EU has secret plan for police to ‘remote stop’ cars. The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/10605328/EU-has-secret-plan-for-police-to-remote-stop-cars.html(2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Wu, S.: Unmanned vehicles and US product liability law. Journal of Law, Information & Science 21(2), 234–254 (2012)
Yeomans, G.: Autonomous vehicles: handing over control – opportunities and risk for insurance. Report by Lloyd's. Lloyd's, London. http://www.lloyds.com/~/media/lloyds/reports/emerging%2520risk%20reports/autonomous%20vehicles%20final.pdf (2014). Accessed 8 July 2014
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Copyright information
© 2015 The Editors and the Authors
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lin, P. (2015). Why Ethics Matters for Autonomous Cars. In: Maurer, M., Gerdes, J., Lenz, B., Winner, H. (eds) Autonomes Fahren. Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45854-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45854-9_4
Publisher Name: Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45853-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45854-9
eBook Packages: Computer Science and Engineering (German Language)