Abstract
Non-spherical gold nanoparticles such as rods (short, long) (1,2), wires, cubes (3), nanocages (4), (multi-)concentric shells (5), triangular prisms (6–7), as well as other more exotic structures such as hollow tubes, capsules (6), even branched nanocrystals (8–9) have garnered significant research attention in the past few years. They exhibit unique and fine-tuned properties which either strongly differ or are more pronounced from those of symmetric, spherical gold nanoparticles. Their unusual optical and electronic properties, improved mechanical properties and specific surface-enhanced spectroscopies make them ideal structures for emerging applications in photonics, electronics, optical sensing and imaging, biomedical labelling and sensing, catalysis and electronic devices among others (10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18). Furthermore, some of these anisotropic nanoparticles enable elucidation of the particle growth mechanism, which in turn makes it possible to predict and systematically manipulate the final nanocrystal morphology (8,19-20). Finally, these anisotropic gold nanomaterials provide templates for further generation of novel materials (21,22).
This article provides an overview of current research in the area of anisotropic gold nanoparticles. We begin by outlining key properties that they possess; we then describe how to control their morphology. Some of the most innovative synthetic strategies are highlighted together with an emphasis on recent results from our laboratories as well as future perspectives for anisotropic gold nanoparticles as novel materials.
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About the authors Mona Tréguer-Delapierre is assistant Professor of inorganic chemistry at the University of Bordeaux I and developed her research at the Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry of Bordeaux (France). Her research interests include the synthesis of metal based nanomaterials with interesting optical properties for optics and biomedical applications.
Dr Jérôme Majimel is currently CNRS researcher at the Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry in Bordeaux. His research activities are focused on the characterization of metal-based nanocomposite systems, with a particular attention being paid to the surfaces and interfaces mainly using Transmission Electron Microscopy in its different modes: conventional, high resolution, in-situ and analytic.
Stéphane Mornet is currently researcher at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) at the Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry of Bordeaux and his research, at the interface of chemistry and biology, focuses on the synthesis of magnetic, metallic and luminescent nanoparticles, their surface functionalization and conjugation with biomolecules for imaging and therapy purposes.
Prof. Etienne Duguet is employed at the University of Science and Technology of Bordeaux. His research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of hybrid organic-inorganic materials based on inorganic particles derivatized through molecular surface modification, polymer encapsulation, dissymetrization and/or functionalisation for optical or medical applications.
Serge Ravaine received an engineer diploma from the National School of Chemistry and Physics of Bordeaux in 1991 and a PhD in Physical Chemistry at the University of Bordeaux in 1995. He is currently full professor at the University of Bordeaux and his research interests at the Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal in Pessac (France) include the synthesis of hybrid colloidal particles and the fabrication of three-dimensional colloidal photonic crystals.
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Tréguer-Delapierre, M., Majimel, J., Mornet, S. et al. Synthesis of non-spherical gold nanoparticles. Gold Bull 41, 195–207 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03216597
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03216597