Abstract
Inflation driven by a generic self-gravitating medium is an interesting alternative to study the impact of spontaneous spacetime symmetry breaking during a quasi de-Sitter phase, in particular the 4-dimensional diffeomorphism invariance of GR is spontaneously broken down to I SO(3). The effective description is based on four scalar fields that describe the excitations of a supersolid. There are two phonon-like propagating scalar degrees of freedom that mix non-trivially both at early and late times and, after exiting the horizon, give rise to non-trivial correlations among the different scalar power spectra. The non-linear structure of the theory allows a secondary gravitational waves production during inflation, efficient enough to saturate the present experimental bound and with a blue-tilted spectral index.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
S. Weinberg, Adiabatic modes in cosmology, Phys. Rev. D 67 (2003) 123504 [astro-ph/0302326] [INSPIRE].
S. Weinberg, Cosmology, Oxford University Press (2008).
W.H. Kinney, Horizon crossing and inflation with large eta, Phys. Rev. D 72 (2005) 023515 [gr-qc/0503017] [INSPIRE].
M.H. Namjoo, H. Firouzjahi and M. Sasaki, Violation of non-Gaussianity consistency relation in a single field inflationary model, EPL 101 (2013) 39001 [arXiv:1210.3692] [INSPIRE].
H. Motohashi, A.A. Starobinsky and J. Yokoyama, Inflation with a constant rate of roll, JCAP 09 (2015) 018 [arXiv:1411.5021] [INSPIRE].
M. Akhshik, H. Firouzjahi and S. Jazayeri, Effective Field Theory of non-Attractor Inflation, JCAP 07 (2015) 048 [arXiv:1501.01099] [INSPIRE].
M. Celoria, D. Comelli and L. Pilo, Intrinsic Entropy Perturbations from the Dark Sector, JCAP 03 (2018) 027 [arXiv:1711.01961] [INSPIRE].
X. Chen, H. Firouzjahi, M.H. Namjoo and M. Sasaki, Fluid Inflation, JCAP 09 (2013) 012 [arXiv:1306.2901] [INSPIRE].
S. Endlich, A. Nicolis and J. Wang, Solid Inflation, JCAP 10 (2013) 011 [arXiv:1210.0569] [INSPIRE].
S. Matarrese, On the Classical and Quantum Irrotational Motions of a Relativistic Perfect Fluid. 1. Classical Theory, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 401 (1985) 53 [INSPIRE].
S. Dubovsky, T. Gregoire, A. Nicolis and R. Rattazzi, Null energy condition and superluminal propagation, JHEP 03 (2006) 025 [hep-th/0512260] [INSPIRE].
S. Dubovsky, L. Hui, A. Nicolis and D.T. Son, Effective field theory for hydrodynamics: thermodynamics, and the derivative expansion, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 085029 [arXiv:1107.0731] [INSPIRE].
G. Ballesteros and B. Bellazzini, Effective perfect fluids in cosmology, JCAP 04 (2013) 001 [arXiv:1210.1561] [INSPIRE].
G. Ballesteros, D. Comelli and L. Pilo, Thermodynamics of perfect fluids from scalar field theory, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 025034 [arXiv:1605.05304] [INSPIRE].
M. Celoria, D. Comelli and L. Pilo, Fluids, Superfluids and Supersolids: Dynamics and Cosmology of Self Gravitating Media, JCAP 09 (2017) 036 [arXiv:1704.00322] [INSPIRE].
M. Celoria, D. Comelli, L. Pilo, and R. Rollo, Non-Gaussinity in Super Solid Inflation, to appear (2020).
D.T. Son, Effective Lagrangian and topological interactions in supersolids, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 175301 [cond-mat/0501658] [INSPIRE].
M.J. Landry, The coset construction for non-equilibrium systems, JHEP 07 (2020) 200 [arXiv:1912.12301] [INSPIRE].
M. Celoria, D. Comelli and L. Pilo, Sixth mode in massive gravity, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 064016 [arXiv:1711.10424] [INSPIRE].
M. Celoria, D. Comelli, L. Pilo and R. Rollo, Adiabatic Media Inflation, JCAP 12 (2019) 018 [arXiv:1907.11784] [INSPIRE].
N. Bartolo, D. Cannone, A. Ricciardone and G. Tasinato, Distinctive signatures of space-time diffeomorphism breaking in EFT of inflation, JCAP 03 (2016) 044 [arXiv:1511.07414] [INSPIRE].
H.P. Nilles, M. Peloso and L. Sorbo, Coupled fields in external background with application to nonthermal production of gravitinos, JHEP 04 (2001) 004 [hep-th/0103202] [INSPIRE].
A.J. Tolley and M. Wyman, The Gelaton Scenario: Equilateral non-Gaussianity from multi-field dynamics, Phys. Rev. D 81 (2010) 043502 [arXiv:0910.1853] [INSPIRE].
E. Dimastrogiovanni, M. Fasiello and A.J. Tolley, Low-Energy Effective Field Theory for Chromo-Natural Inflation, JCAP 02 (2013) 046 [arXiv:1211.1396] [INSPIRE].
E. Dimastrogiovanni and M. Peloso, Stability analysis of chromo-natural inflation and possible evasion of Lyth’s bound, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 103501 [arXiv:1212.5184] [INSPIRE].
C. Cheung, P. Creminelli, A.L. Fitzpatrick, J. Kaplan and L. Senatore, The Effective Field Theory of Inflation, JHEP 03 (2008) 014 [arXiv:0709.0293] [INSPIRE].
Planck collaboration, Planck 2018 results. X. Constraints on inflation, Astron. Astrophys. 641 (2020) A10 [arXiv:1807.06211] [INSPIRE].
W. Israel, Singular hypersurfaces and thin shells in general relativity, Nuovo Cim. B10 44 (1966) 1.
N. Deruelle and V.F. Mukhanov, On matching conditions for cosmological perturbations, Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995) 5549 [gr-qc/9503050] [INSPIRE].
V. Mukhanov, Physical Foundations of Cosmology, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (2005).
Planck collaboration, Planck 2018 results. IX. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity, Astron. Astrophys. 641 (2020) A9 [arXiv:1905.05697] [INSPIRE].
M. Biagetti, E. Dimastrogiovanni, M. Fasiello and M. Peloso, Gravitational Waves and Scalar Perturbations from Spectator Fields, JCAP 04 (2015) 011 [arXiv:1411.3029] [INSPIRE].
T. Fujita, J. Yokoyama and S. Yokoyama, Can a spectator scalar field enhance inflationary tensor mode?, PTEP 2015 (2015) 043E01 [arXiv:1411.3658] [INSPIRE].
S. Matarrese, O. Pantano and D. Saez, A General relativistic approach to the nonlinear evolution of collisionless matter, Phys. Rev. D 47 (1993) 1311 [INSPIRE].
S. Matarrese, O. Pantano and D. Saez, General relativistic dynamics of irrotational dust: Cosmological implications, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 (1994) 320 [astro-ph/9310036] [INSPIRE].
S. Mollerach, D. Harari and S. Matarrese, CMB polarization from secondary vector and tensor modes, Phys. Rev. D 69 (2004) 063002 [astro-ph/0310711] [INSPIRE].
K.N. Ananda, C. Clarkson and D. Wands, The Cosmological gravitational wave background from primordial density perturbations, Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 123518 [gr-qc/0612013] [INSPIRE].
D. Baumann, P.J. Steinhardt, K. Takahashi and K. Ichiki, Gravitational Wave Spectrum Induced by Primordial Scalar Perturbations, Phys. Rev. D 76 (2007) 084019 [hep-th/0703290] [INSPIRE].
LISA collaboration, Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, arXiv:1702.00786 [INSPIRE].
L.A. Boyle and P.J. Steinhardt, Probing the early universe with inflationary gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. D 77 (2008) 063504 [astro-ph/0512014] [INSPIRE].
T.L. Smith and R. Caldwell, LISA for Cosmologists: Calculating the Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Stochastic and Deterministic Sources, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 104055 [arXiv:1908.00546] [INSPIRE].
N. Bartolo et al., Science with the space-based interferometer LISA. IV: Probing inflation with gravitational waves, JCAP 12 (2016) 026 [arXiv:1610.06481] [INSPIRE].
M.C. Guzzetti, N. Bartolo, M. Liguori and S. Matarrese, Gravitational waves from inflation, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 39 (2016) 399 [arXiv:1605.01615] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2010.02023
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Celoria, M., Comelli, D., Pilo, L. et al. Boosting GWs in supersolid inflation. J. High Energ. Phys. 2021, 185 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2021)185
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2021)185