Abstract
We propose an appealing alternative scenario of leptogenesis assisted by dark sector which leads to the baryon asymmetry of the Universe satisfying all theoretical and experimental constraints. The dark sector carries a non minimal set up of singlet doublet fermionic dark matter extended with copies of a real singlet scalar field. A small Majorana mass term for the singlet dark fermion, in addition to the typical Dirac term, provides the more favourable dark matter of pseudo-Dirac type, capable of escaping the direct search. Such a construction also offers a formidable scope to radiative generation of active neutrino masses. In the presence of a (non)standard thermal history of the Universe, we perform the detailed dark matter phenomenology adopting the suitable benchmark scenarios, consistent with direct detection and neutrino oscillations data. Besides, we have demonstrated that the singlet scalars can go through CP-violating out of equilibrium decay, producing an ample amount of lepton asymmetry. Such an asymmetry then gets converted into the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe through the non-perturbative sphaleron processes owing to the presence of the alternative cosmological background considered here. Unconventional thermal history of the Universe can thus aspire to lend a critical role both in the context of dark matter as well as in realizing baryogenesis.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
G. Arcadi et al., The waning of the WIMP? A review of models, searches, and constraints, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 203 [arXiv:1703.07364] [INSPIRE].
M. Fukugita and T. Yanagida, Baryogenesis Without Grand Unification, Phys. Lett. B 174 (1986) 45 [INSPIRE].
V.A. Rubakov and M.E. Shaposhnikov, Electroweak baryon number nonconservation in the early universe and in high-energy collisions, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 166 (1996) 493 [hep-ph/9603208] [INSPIRE].
A. Pilaftsis and T.E.J. Underwood, Resonant leptogenesis, Nucl. Phys. B 692 (2004) 303 [hep-ph/0309342] [INSPIRE].
W. Buchmüller, P. Di Bari and M. Plümacher, Leptogenesis for pedestrians, Annals Phys. 315 (2005) 305 [hep-ph/0401240] [INSPIRE].
P.A. Ade et al., Planck 2015 results — XIII. Cosmological parameters, Astron. Astrophys. 594 (2016) A13.
D. Borah, P.S.B. Dev and A. Kumar, TeV scale leptogenesis, inflaton dark matter and neutrino mass in a scotogenic model, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 055012 [arXiv:1810.03645] [INSPIRE].
W.-M. Yang, A model of neutrino mass, baryon asymmetry, and asymmetric dark matter with SU(2)D ⊗ U(1)D′ dark sector, Nucl. Phys. B (2019) 114643 [arXiv:1807.03036] [INSPIRE].
A. Biswas, S. Choubey, L. Covi and S. Khan, Common origin of baryon asymmetry, dark matter and neutrino mass, JHEP 05 (2019) 193 [arXiv:1812.06122] [INSPIRE].
M. Kawasaki, K. Kohri and N. Sugiyama, MeV scale reheating temperature and thermalization of neutrino background, Phys. Rev. D 62 (2000) 023506 [astro-ph/0002127] [INSPIRE].
K. Ichikawa, M. Kawasaki and F. Takahashi, The oscillation effects on thermalization of the neutrinos in the Universe with low reheating temperature, Phys. Rev. D 72 (2005) 043522 [astro-ph/0505395] [INSPIRE].
I.R. Waldstein, A.L. Erickcek and C. Ilie, Quasidecoupled state for dark matter in nonstandard thermal histories, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 123531 [arXiv:1609.05927] [INSPIRE].
K. Redmond and A.L. Erickcek, New constraints on dark matter production during kination, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 043511 [arXiv:1704.01056] [INSPIRE].
T. Binder, T. Bringmann, M. Gustafsson and A. Hryczuk, Early kinetic decoupling of dark matter: when the standard way of calculating the thermal relic density fails, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 115010 [Erratum ibid. 101 (2020) 099901] [arXiv:1706.07433] [INSPIRE].
B. Dutta, E. Jimenez and I. Zavala, D-brane disformal coupling and thermal dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 103506 [arXiv:1708.07153] [INSPIRE].
F. D’Eramo, N. Fernandez and S. Profumo, When the universe expands too fast: relentless dark matter, JCAP 05 (2017) 012 [arXiv:1703.04793] [INSPIRE].
S. Hamdan and J. Unwin, Dark matter freeze-out during matter domination, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 33 (2018) 1850181 [arXiv:1710.03758] [INSPIRE].
L. Visinelli, (Non-)thermal production of WIMPs during kination, Symmetry 10 (2018) 546 [arXiv:1710.11006] [INSPIRE].
F. D’Eramo, N. Fernandez and S. Profumo, Dark matter freeze-in production in fast-expanding universes, JCAP 02 (2018) 046 [arXiv:1712.07453] [INSPIRE].
N. Bernal, C. Cosme and T. Tenkanen, Phenomenology of self-interacting dark matter in a matter-dominated universe, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 99 [arXiv:1803.08064] [INSPIRE].
E. Hardy, Higgs portal dark matter in non-standard cosmological histories, JHEP 06 (2018) 043 [arXiv:1804.06783] [INSPIRE].
H. Iminniyaz, B. Salai and G. Lv, Relic density of asymmetric dark matter in modified cosmological scenarios, Commun. Theor. Phys. 70 (2018) 602 [arXiv:1804.07256] [INSPIRE].
N. Bernal, C. Cosme, T. Tenkanen and V. Vaskonen, Scalar singlet dark matter in non-standard cosmologies, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 30 [arXiv:1806.11122] [INSPIRE].
A. Arbey, J. Ellis, F. Mahmoudi and G. Robbins, Dark matter casts light on the early universe, JHEP 10 (2018) 132 [arXiv:1807.00554] [INSPIRE].
A. Biswas, D. Borah and D. Nanda, keV neutrino dark matter in a fast expanding universe, Phys. Lett. B 786 (2018) 364 [arXiv:1809.03519] [INSPIRE].
A. Betancur and O. Zapata, Phenomenology of doublet-triplet fermionic dark matter in nonstandard cosmology and multicomponent dark sectors, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 095003 [arXiv:1809.04990] [INSPIRE].
N. Fernandez and S. Profumo, Comment on “keV neutrino dark matter in a fast expanding universe” by Biswas et al., Phys. Lett. B 789 (2019) 603 [arXiv:1810.06795] [INSPIRE].
C. Maldonado and J. Unwin, Establishing the dark matter relic density in an era of particle decays, JCAP 06 (2019) 037 [arXiv:1902.10746] [INSPIRE].
A. Poulin, Dark matter freeze-out in modified cosmological scenarios, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 043022 [arXiv:1905.03126] [INSPIRE].
P. Arias, N. Bernal, A. Herrera and C. Maldonado, Reconstructing non-standard cosmologies with dark matter, JCAP 10 (2019) 047 [arXiv:1906.04183] [INSPIRE].
R. Allahverdi and J.K. Osiński, Freeze-in production of dark matter Prior to early matter domination, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 063503 [arXiv:1909.01457] [INSPIRE].
N. Bernal, F. Elahi, C. Maldonado and J. Unwin, Ultraviolet freeze-in and non-standard cosmologies, JCAP 11 (2019) 026 [arXiv:1909.07992] [INSPIRE].
P. Chanda, S. Hamdan and J. Unwin, Reviving Z and Higgs mediated dark matter models in matter dominated freeze-out, JCAP 01 (2020) 034 [arXiv:1911.02616] [INSPIRE].
C. Cosme, M. Dutra, T. Ma, Y. Wu and L. Yang, Neutrino portal to FIMP dark matter with an early matter era, arXiv:2003.01723 [INSPIRE].
D. Berger, S. Ipek, T.M.P. Tait and M. Waterbury, Dark matter freeze out during an early cosmological period of QCD confinement, JHEP 07 (2020) 192 [arXiv:2004.06727] [INSPIRE].
C. Han, Higgsino dark matter in a non-standard history of the Universe, Phys. Lett. B 798 (2019) 134997 [arXiv:1907.09235] [INSPIRE].
M. Drees and F. Hajkarim, Neutralino dark matter in scenarios with early matter domination, JHEP 12 (2018) 042 [arXiv:1808.05706] [INSPIRE].
R. Allahverdi and J.K. Osiński, Nonthermal dark matter from modified early matter domination, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 083517 [arXiv:1812.10522] [INSPIRE].
J. McDonald, WIMP densities in decaying particle dominated Cosmology, Phys. Rev. D 43 (1991) 1063 [INSPIRE].
A. Arbey and F. Mahmoudi, SUSY constraints from relic density: high sensitivity to pre-BBN expansion rate, Phys. Lett. B 669 (2008) 46 [arXiv:0803.0741] [INSPIRE].
S.-L. Chen, A. Dutta Banik and Z.-K. Liu, Leptogenesis in fast expanding Universe, JCAP 03 (2020) 009 [arXiv:1912.07185] [INSPIRE].
D. Mahanta and D. Borah, TeV scale leptogenesis with dark matter in non-standard cosmology, JCAP 04 (2020) 032 [arXiv:1912.09726] [INSPIRE].
W. Abdallah, D. Delepine and S. Khalil, TeV scale leptogenesis in B-L model with alternative cosmologies, Phys. Lett. B 725 (2013) 361 [arXiv:1205.1503] [INSPIRE].
C.E. Yaguna, Singlet-doublet Dirac dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 115002 [arXiv:1510.06151] [INSPIRE].
P. Konar, A. Mukherjee, A.K. Saha and S. Show, Linking pseudo-Dirac dark matter to radiative neutrino masses in a singlet-doublet scenario, Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020) R [arXiv:2001.11325] [INSPIRE].
T. Cohen, J. Kearney, A. Pierce and D. Tucker-Smith, Singlet-doublet dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 075003 [arXiv:1109.2604] [INSPIRE].
J. Fiaschi, M. Klasen and S. May, Singlet-doublet fermion and triplet scalar dark matter with radiative neutrino masses, JHEP 05 (2019) 015 [arXiv:1812.11133] [INSPIRE].
D. Restrepo, A. Rivera, M. Sánchez-Peláez, O. Zapata and W. Tangarife, Radiative neutrino masses in the singlet-doublet fermion dark matter model with scalar singlets, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 013005 [arXiv:1504.07892] [INSPIRE].
S. Bhattacharya, N. Sahoo and N. Sahu, Singlet-doublet fermionic dark matter, neutrino mass and collider signatures, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 035010 [arXiv:1704.03417] [INSPIRE].
S. Bhattacharya, N. Sahoo and N. Sahu, Minimal vectorlike leptonic dark matter and signatures at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 115040 [arXiv:1510.02760] [INSPIRE].
S. Bhattacharya, P. Ghosh, N. Sahoo and N. Sahu, Mini review on vector-like leptonic dark matter, neutrino mass, and collider signatures, Front. in phys. 7 (2019) 80 [arXiv:1812.06505] [INSPIRE].
B. Barman, S. Bhattacharya, P. Ghosh, S. Kadam and N. Sahu, Fermion dark matter with scalar triplet at direct and collider searches, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 015027 [arXiv:1902.01217] [INSPIRE].
G. Arcadi, 2HDM portal for singlet-Doublet dark matter, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 864 [arXiv:1804.04930] [INSPIRE].
L. Calibbi, L. Lopez-Honorez, S. Lowette and A. Mariotti, Singlet-doublet dark matter freeze-in: LHC displaced signatures versus cosmology, JHEP 09 (2018) 037 [arXiv:1805.04423] [INSPIRE].
S. Esch, M. Klasen and C.E. Yaguna, A singlet doublet dark matter model with radiative neutrino masses, JHEP 10 (2018) 055 [arXiv:1804.03384] [INSPIRE].
N. Maru, N. Okada and S. Okada, Fermionic minimal dark matter in 5D gauge-Higgs unification, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 115023 [arXiv:1801.00686] [INSPIRE].
N. Maru, T. Miyaji, N. Okada and S. Okada, Fermion dark matter in gauge-Higgs unification, JHEP 07 (2017) 048 [arXiv:1704.04621] [INSPIRE].
Q.-F. Xiang, X.-J. Bi, P.-F. Yin and Z.-H. Yu, Exploring fermionic dark Matter via Higgs boson precision measurements at the circular electron positron collider, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 055004 [arXiv:1707.03094] [INSPIRE].
T. Abe, Effect of CP-violation in the singlet-doublet dark matter model, Phys. Lett. B 771 (2017) 125 [arXiv:1702.07236] [INSPIRE].
S. Banerjee, S. Matsumoto, K. Mukaida and Y.-L.S. Tsai, WIMP dark matter in a well-tempered regime: a case study on singlet-doublets fermionic WIMP, JHEP 11 (2016) 070 [arXiv:1603.07387] [INSPIRE].
S. Horiuchi, O. Macias, D. Restrepo, A. Rivera, O. Zapata and H. Silverwood, The Fermi-LAT gamma-ray excess at the Galactic Center in the singlet-doublet fermion dark matter model, JCAP 03 (2016) 048 [arXiv:1602.04788] [INSPIRE].
L. Calibbi, A. Mariotti and P. Tziveloglou, Singlet-Doublet model: dark matter searches and LHC constraints, JHEP 10 (2015) 116 [arXiv:1505.03867] [INSPIRE].
C. Cheung and D. Sanford, Simplified models of mixed dark matter, JCAP 02 (2014) 011 [arXiv:1311.5896] [INSPIRE].
R. Enberg, P.J. Fox, L.J. Hall, A.Y. Papaioannou and M. Papucci, LHC and dark matter signals of improved naturalness, JHEP 11 (2007) 014 [arXiv:0706.0918] [INSPIRE].
F. D’Eramo, Dark matter and Higgs boson physics, Phys. Rev. D 76 (2007) 083522 [arXiv:0705.4493] [INSPIRE].
B. Barman, D. Borah, P. Ghosh and A.K. Saha, Flavoured gauge extension of singlet-doublet fermionic dark matter: neutrino mass, high scale validity and collider signatures, JHEP 10 (2019) 275 [arXiv:1907.10071] [INSPIRE].
D. Restrepo, A. Rivera and W. Tangarife, Singlet-doublet Dirac dark matter and neutrino masses, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 035029 [arXiv:1906.09685] [INSPIRE].
A. Freitas, S. Westhoff and J. Zupan, Integrating in the Higgs portal to Fermion dark matter, JHEP 09 (2015) 015 [arXiv:1506.04149] [INSPIRE].
G. Cynolter, J. Kovács and E. Lendvai, Doublet-singlet model and unitarity, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 31 (2016) 1650013 [arXiv:1509.05323] [INSPIRE].
S. Bhattacharya, B. Karmakar, N. Sahu and A. Sil, Unifying the flavor origin of dark matter with leptonic nonzero θ13, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 115041 [arXiv:1603.04776] [INSPIRE].
S. Bhattacharya, B. Karmakar, N. Sahu and A. Sil, Flavor origin of dark matter and its relation with leptonic nonzero θ13 and Dirac CP phase δ, JHEP 05 (2017) 068 [arXiv:1611.07419] [INSPIRE].
J.-W. Wang, X.-J. Bi, P.-F. Yin and Z.-H. Yu, Impact of fermionic electroweak multiplet dark matter on vacuum stability with one-loop matching, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 055009 [arXiv:1811.08743] [INSPIRE].
T. Abe and R. Sato, Current status and future prospects of the singlet-doublet dark matter model with CP-violation, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 035012 [arXiv:1901.02278] [INSPIRE].
B. Barman, A. Dutta Banik and A. Paul, Singlet-doublet fermionic dark matter and gravitational waves in a two-Higgs-doublet extension of the Standard model, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 055028 [arXiv:1912.12899] [INSPIRE].
A. De Simone, V. Sanz and H.P. Sato, Pseudo-Dirac dark matter leaves a Trace, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 121802 [arXiv:1004.1567] [INSPIRE].
J. Herrero-Garcia, E. Molinaro and M.A. Schmidt, Dark matter direct detection of a fermionic singlet at one loop, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 471 [arXiv:1803.05660] [INSPIRE].
G. Cynolter and E. Lendvai, Electroweak precision constraints on vector-like fermions, Eur. Phys. J. C 58 (2008) 463 [arXiv:0804.4080] [INSPIRE].
J. Chakrabortty, P. Konar and T. Mondal, Copositive criteria and Boundedness of the scalar potential, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 095008 [arXiv:1311.5666] [INSPIRE].
K. Kannike, Vacuum stability conditions from copositivity criteria, Eur. Phys. J. C 72 (2012) 2093 [arXiv:1205.3781] [INSPIRE].
D. Tucker-Smith and N. Weiner, Inelastic dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 64 (2001) 043502 [hep-ph/0101138] [INSPIRE].
L.J. Hall, T. Moroi and H. Murayama, Sneutrino cold dark matter with lepton number violation, Phys. Lett. B 424 (1998) 305 [hep-ph/9712515] [INSPIRE].
particle data group collaboration, Review of particle physics, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 030001 [INSPIRE].
planck collaboration, Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters, Astron. Astrophys. 641 (2020) A6 [arXiv:1807.06209] [INSPIRE].
LUX collaboration, Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 021303 [arXiv:1608.07648] [INSPIRE].
pandaX-II collaboration, Dark matter results from 54-ton-day exposure of PandaX-II experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 181302 [arXiv:1708.06917] [INSPIRE].
XENON collaboration, Dark matter search results from a one Ton-Year exposure of XENON1T, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 111302 [arXiv:1805.12562] [INSPIRE].
A. Dutta Banik, A.K. Saha and A. Sil, Scalar assisted singlet doublet fermion dark matter model and electroweak vacuum stability, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 075013 [arXiv:1806.08080] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Searches for invisible decays of the higgs boson in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 7, 8, and 13 TeV, JHEP 02 (2017) 135 [arXiv:1610.09218] [INSPIRE].
R.R. Caldwell, R. Dave and P.J. Steinhardt, Cosmological imprint of an energy component with general equation of state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 1582 [astro-ph/9708069] [INSPIRE].
E.W. Kolb and M.S. Turner, The early Universe, Westview Press, U.S.A. (1990).
A. Alloul, N.D. Christensen, C. Degrande, C. Duhr and B. Fuks, FeynRules 2.0 — A complete toolbox for tree-level phenomenology, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185 (2014) 2250 [arXiv:1310.1921] [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger, F. Boudjema, A. Pukhov and A. Semenov, MicrOMEGAs4.1: two dark matter candidates, Comput. Phys. Commun. 192 (2015) 322 [arXiv:1407.6129] [INSPIRE].
E. Ma, Verifiable radiative seesaw mechanism of neutrino mass and dark matter, Phys. Rev.D 73 (2006) 077301 [hep-ph/0601225] [INSPIRE].
E. Ma, Radiative inverse seesaw mechanism for nonzero neutrino mass, Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009) 013013 [arXiv:0904.4450] [INSPIRE].
S. Fraser, E. Ma and O. Popov, Scotogenic inverse seesaw model of neutrino mass, Phys. Lett. B 737 (2014) 280 [arXiv:1408.4785] [INSPIRE].
J.A. Casas and A. Ibarra, Oscillating neutrinos and μ → e, γ, Nucl. Phys. B 618 (2001) 171 [hep-ph/0103065] [INSPIRE].
S. Pascoli, S.T. Petcov and C.E. Yaguna, Quasidegenerate neutrino mass spectrum, μ → e + γ decay and leptogenesis, Phys. Lett. B 564 (2003) 241 [hep-ph/0301095] [INSPIRE].
S.T. Petcov and T. Shindou, Charged lepton decays l(i) → l(j) + γ, leptogenesis CP-violating parameters and majorana phases, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 073006 [hep-ph/0605151] [INSPIRE].
F. Capozzi, E. Lisi, A. Marrone and A. Palazzo, Current unknowns in the three neutrino framework, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 102 (2018) 48 [arXiv:1804.09678] [INSPIRE].
I. Esteban, M.C. Gonzalez-Garcia, A. Hernandez-Cabezudo, M. Maltoni and T. Schwetz, Global analysis of three-flavour neutrino oscillations: synergies and tensions in the determination of θ23, δCP, and the mass ordering, JHEP 01 (2019) 106 [arXiv:1811.05487] [INSPIRE].
T2K collaboration, Constraint on the matter-antimatter symmetry-violating phase in neutrino oscillations, Nature 580 (2020) 339 [Erratum ibid. 583 (2020) E16] [arXiv:1910.03887] [INSPIRE].
S. Davidson, E. Nardi and Y. Nir, Leptogenesis, Phys. Rept. 466 (2008) 105 [arXiv:0802.2962] [INSPIRE].
M. Plümacher, Baryogenesis and lepton number violation, Z. Phys. C 74 (1997) 549 [hep-ph/9604229] [INSPIRE].
W. Buchmüller, P. Di Bari and M. Plümacher, Some aspects of thermal leptogenesis, New J. Phys. 6 (2004) 105 [hep-ph/0406014] [INSPIRE].
G.F. Giudice, A. Notari, M. Raidal, A. Riotto and A. Strumia, Towards a complete theory of thermal leptogenesis in the SM and MSSM, Nucl. Phys. B 685 (2004) 89 [hep-ph/0310123] [INSPIRE].
E. Giusarma, M. Gerbino, O. Mena, S. Vagnozzi, S. Ho and K. Freese, Improvement of cosmological neutrino mass bounds, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 083522 [arXiv:1605.04320] [INSPIRE].
S. Vagnozzi et al., Unveiling ν secrets with cosmological data: neutrino masses and mass hierarchy, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 123503 [arXiv:1701.08172] [INSPIRE].
H.K. Dreiner, H.E. Haber and S.P. Martin, Two-component spinor techniques and Feynman rules for quantum field theory and supersymmetry, Phys. Rept. 494 (2010) 1 [arXiv:0812.1594] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2007.15608
During the review process of this manuscript, the affiliation has been changed to: School of Physical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India; psaks2484@iacs.res.in. (Abhijit Kumar Saha)
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Konar, P., Mukherjee, A., Saha, A.K. et al. A dark clue to seesaw and leptogenesis in a pseudo-Dirac singlet doublet scenario with (non)standard cosmology. J. High Energ. Phys. 2021, 44 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2021)044
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2021)044