Abstract
Hidden sectors are ubiquitous in supergravity theories, in strings and in branes. Well motivated models such as the Stueckelberg hidden sector model could provide a candidate for dark matter. In such models, the hidden sector communicates with the visible sector via the exchange of a dark photon (dark Z′) while dark matter is constituted of Dirac fermions in the hidden sector. Using data from collider searches and precision measurements of SM processes as well as the most recent limits from dark matter direct and indirect detection experiments, we perform a comprehensive scan over a wide range of the Z′ mass and set exclusion bounds on the parameter space from sub-GeV to several TeV. We then discuss the discovery potential of an \( \mathcal{O} \)(TeV) scale Z′ at HL-LHC and the ability of future forward detectors to probe very weakly interacting sub-GeV Z′ bosons. Our analysis shows that the parameter space in which a Z′ can decay to hidden sector dark matter is severely constrained whereas limits become much weaker for a Z′ with no dark decays. The analysis also favors a self-thermalized dark sector which is necessary to satisfy the dark matter relic density.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
B. Holdom, Two U(1)’s and Epsilon Charge Shifts, Phys. Lett. B 166 (1986) 196 [INSPIRE].
D. Feldman, Z. Liu and P. Nath, The Stueckelberg Z-prime Extension with Kinetic Mixing and Milli-Charged Dark Matter From the Hidden Sector, Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 115001 [hep-ph/0702123] [INSPIRE].
A. Aboubrahim, W.-Z. Feng, P. Nath and Z.-Y. Wang, Self-interacting hidden sector dark matter, small scale galaxy structure anomalies, and a dark force, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) 075014 [arXiv:2008.00529] [INSPIRE].
A. Aboubrahim, T. Ibrahim, M. Klasen and P. Nath, A decaying neutralino as dark matter and its gamma ray spectrum, Eur. Phys. J. C 81 (2021) 680 [arXiv:2012.10795] [INSPIRE].
A. Aboubrahim, W.-Z. Feng, P. Nath and Z.-Y. Wang, A multi-temperature universe can allow a sub-MeV dark photon dark matter, JHEP 06 (2021) 086 [arXiv:2103.15769] [INSPIRE].
A. Aboubrahim, P. Nath and Z.-Y. Wang, A cosmologically consistent millicharged dark matter solution to the EDGES anomaly of possible string theory origin, JHEP 12 (2021) 148 [arXiv:2108.05819] [INSPIRE].
P. Langacker, The Physics of Heavy Z′ Gauge Bosons, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 (2009) 1199 [arXiv:0801.1345] [INSPIRE].
M. Fabbrichesi, E. Gabrielli and G. Lanfranchi, The Dark Photon, arXiv:2005.01515 [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62519-1] [INSPIRE].
B. Fuks et al., Precision predictions for Z′-production at the CERN LHC: QCD matrix elements, parton showers, and joint resummation, Nucl. Phys. B 797 (2008) 322 [arXiv:0711.0749] [INSPIRE].
M. Klasen, F. Lyonnet and F.S. Queiroz, NLO+NLL collider bounds, Dirac fermion and scalar dark matter in the B-L model, Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 348 [arXiv:1607.06468] [INSPIRE].
R. Bonciani et al., Electroweak top-quark pair production at the LHC with Z′ bosons to NLO QCD in POWHEG, JHEP 02 (2016) 141 [arXiv:1511.08185] [INSPIRE].
M.M. Altakach et al., Electroweak \( t\overline{t} \) hadroproduction in the presence of heavy Z′ and W′ bosons at NLO QCD in POWHEG, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) 115026 [arXiv:2012.14855] [INSPIRE].
T. Ježo et al., NLO + NLL limits on W′ and Z′ gauge boson masses in general extensions of the Standard Model, JHEP 12 (2014) 092 [arXiv:1410.4692] [INSPIRE].
B. Kors and P. Nath, A Stueckelberg extension of the standard model, Phys. Lett. B 586 (2004) 366 [hep-ph/0402047] [INSPIRE].
K. Cheung and T.-C. Yuan, Hidden fermion as milli-charged dark matter in Stueckelberg Z′ model, JHEP 03 (2007) 120 [hep-ph/0701107] [INSPIRE].
D. Feldman, B. Kors and P. Nath, Extra-weakly Interacting Dark Matter, Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 023503 [hep-ph/0610133] [INSPIRE].
A. Aboubrahim, W.-Z. Feng and P. Nath, A long-lived stop with freeze-in and freeze-out dark matter in the hidden sector, JHEP 02 (2020) 118 [arXiv:1910.14092] [INSPIRE].
A. Aboubrahim and P. Nath, A tower of hidden sectors: a general treatment and physics implications, JHEP 09 (2022) 084 [arXiv:2205.07316] [INSPIRE].
M. Du, Z. Liu and P. Nath, CDF W mass anomaly with a Stueckelberg-Higgs portal, Phys. Lett. B 834 (2022) 137454 [arXiv:2204.09024] [INSPIRE].
F. Staub, SARAH 4 : A tool for (not only SUSY) model builders, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185 (2014) 1773 [arXiv:1309.7223] [INSPIRE].
F. Staub, Exploring new models in all detail with SARAH, Adv. High Energy Phys. 2015 (2015) 840780 [arXiv:1503.04200] [INSPIRE].
W. Porod, SPheno, a program for calculating supersymmetric spectra, SUSY particle decays and SUSY particle production at e+e− colliders, Comput. Phys. Commun. 153 (2003) 275 [hep-ph/0301101] [INSPIRE].
W. Porod and F. Staub, SPheno 3.1: Extensions including flavour, CP-phases and models beyond the MSSM, Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 (2012) 2458 [arXiv:1104.1573] [INSPIRE].
A. Pukhov, CalcHEP 2.3: MSSM, structure functions, event generation, batchs, and generation of matrix elements for other packages, hep-ph/0412191 [INSPIRE].
E.E. Boos et al., CompHEP: Specialized package for automatic calculations of elementary particle decays and collisions, hep-ph/9503280 [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger, F. Boudjema, A. Pukhov and A. Semenov, micrOMEGAs4.1: two dark matter candidates, Comput. Phys. Commun. 192 (2015) 322 [arXiv:1407.6129] [INSPIRE].
C. Degrande et al., UFO — The Universal FeynRules Output, Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 (2012) 1201 [arXiv:1108.2040] [INSPIRE].
J. Alwall et al., The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations, JHEP 07 (2014) 079 [arXiv:1405.0301] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Butterworth et al., Constraining new physics with collider measurements of Standard Model signatures, JHEP 03 (2017) 078 [arXiv:1606.05296] [INSPIRE].
M.M. Altakach, Constraining models with extra heavy gauge bosons using LHC measurements, in the proceedings of 55th Rencontres de Moriond on QCD and High Energy Interactions, Online Italy, March 7 –April 3 2021 [arXiv:2104.10608] [INSPIRE].
C. Bierlich et al., Robust Independent Validation of Experiment and Theory: Rivet version 3, SciPost Phys. 8 (2020) 026 [arXiv:1912.05451] [INSPIRE].
T. Junk, Confidence level computation for combining searches with small statistics, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 434 (1999) 435 [hep-ex/9902006] [INSPIRE].
A.L. Read, Presentation of search results: The CL(s) technique, J. Phys. G 28 (2002) 2693 [INSPIRE].
A. Buckley et al., Testing new physics models with global comparisons to collider measurements: the Contur toolkit, SciPost Phys. Core 4 (2021) 013 [arXiv:2102.04377] [INSPIRE].
J. Butterworth et al., Testing the Scalar Triplet Solution to CDF’s Fat W Problem at the LHC, arXiv:2210.13496 [IRMP-CP3-22-47] [INSPIRE].
M.M. Altakach et al., Probing a leptophobic top-colour model with cross section measurements and precise signal and background predictions: a case study, arXiv:2111.15406 [KA-TP-28-2021] [INSPIRE].
M.M. Altakach et al., Exploring Contur beyond its default mode: a case study, in the proceedings of 56th Rencontres de Moriond on QCD and High Energy Interactions , La Thuile Italy, March 9–26 2022 [arXiv:2204.10577] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Butterworth, M. Habedank, P. Pani and A. Vaitkus, A study of collider signatures for two Higgs doublet models with a Pseudoscalar mediator to Dark Matter, SciPost Phys. Core 4 (2021) 003 [arXiv:2009.02220] [INSPIRE].
A. Buckley et al., New sensitivity of current LHC measurements to vector-like quarks, SciPost Phys. 9 (2020) 069 [arXiv:2006.07172] [INSPIRE].
J. Bellm et al., Herwig 7.2 release note, Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020) 452 [arXiv:1912.06509] [INSPIRE].
ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, SLD, LEP Electroweak Working Group, SLD Electroweak Group and SLD Heavy Flavour Group collaborations, Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance, Phys. Rept. 427 (2006) 257 [hep-ex/0509008] [INSPIRE].
LEP, ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, LEP Electroweak Working Group, SLD Electroweak Group and SLD Heavy Flavor Group collaborations, A Combination of preliminary electroweak measurements and constraints on the standard model, hep-ex/0312023 [SLAC-R-701] [INSPIRE].
Particle Data Group collaboration, Review of Particle Physics, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 030001 [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for high mass dijet resonances with a new background prediction method in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, JHEP 05 (2020) 033 [arXiv:1911.03947] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for new resonances in mass distributions of jet pairs using 139 fb−1 of pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, JHEP 03 (2020) 145 [arXiv:1910.08447] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for low-mass dijet resonances using trigger-level jets with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 081801 [arXiv:1804.03496] [INSPIRE].
CDF collaboration, Search for new particles decaying into dijets in proton-antiproton collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 1.96 TeV, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 112002 [arXiv:0812.4036] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for light resonances decaying to boosted quark pairs and produced in association with a photon or a jet in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 788 (2019) 316 [arXiv:1801.08769] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for low mass vector resonances decaying into quark-antiquark pairs in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 112007 [arXiv:1909.04114] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for low-mass resonances decaying into two jets and produced in association with a photon using pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 795 (2019) 56 [arXiv:1901.10917] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for Low-Mass Quark-Antiquark Resonances Produced in Association with a Photon at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 (2019) 231803 [arXiv:1905.10331] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for boosted resonances decaying to two b-quarks and produced in association with a jet at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Tokyo Japan, November 26–30 November 2018 [ATLAS-CONF-2018-052] [INSPIRE].
C. Chang et al., Global fits of simplified models for dark matter with GAMBIT I. Scalar and fermionic models with s-channel vector mediators, arXiv:2209.13266 [gambit-physics-2022] [INSPIRE].
E. Bagnaschi et al., Global Analysis of Dark Matter Simplified Models with Leptophobic Spin-One Mediators using MasterCode, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 895 [arXiv:1905.00892] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for high-mass dilepton resonances using 139 fb−1 of pp collision data collected at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 796 (2019) 68 [arXiv:1903.06248] [INSPIRE].
F. Kahlhoefer, A. Mück, S. Schulte and P. Tunney, Interference effects in dilepton resonance searches for Z′ bosons and dark matter mediators, JHEP 03 (2020) 104 [arXiv:1912.06374] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for new phenomena in events with an energetic jet and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) 112006 [arXiv:2102.10874] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, CMS-PAS-EXO-20-004 (2021) [INSPIRE].
D. Barducci et al., Collider limits on new physics within micrOMEGAs_4.3, Comput. Phys. Commun. 222 (2018) 327 [arXiv:1606.03834] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for a narrow resonance decaying to a pair of muons in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV, CMS-PAS-EXO-19-018 (2019) [INSPIRE].
LHCb collaboration, Search for Dark Photons Produced in 13 TeV pp Collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 (2018) 061801 [arXiv:1710.02867] [INSPIRE].
LHCb collaboration, Search for A′ → μ+μ− Decays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 041801 [arXiv:1910.06926] [INSPIRE].
P. Ilten, Y. Soreq, M. Williams and W. Xue, Serendipity in dark photon searches, JHEP 06 (2018) 004 [arXiv:1801.04847] [INSPIRE].
C. Baruch, P. Ilten, Y. Soreq and M. Williams, Axial vectors in DarkCast, JHEP 11 (2022) 124 [arXiv:2206.08563] [INSPIRE].
BaBar collaboration, Search for a Dark Photon in e+e− Collisions at BaBar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 201801 [arXiv:1406.2980] [INSPIRE].
BaBar collaboration, Search for Invisible Decays of a Dark Photon Produced in e+e− Collisions at BaBar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 131804 [arXiv:1702.03327] [INSPIRE].
APEX collaboration, Search for a New Gauge Boson in Electron-Nucleus Fixed-Target Scattering by the APEX Experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 191804 [arXiv:1108.2750] [INSPIRE].
H. Merkel et al., Search at the Mainz Microtron for Light Massive Gauge Bosons Relevant for the Muon g − 2 Anomaly, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 221802 [arXiv:1404.5502] [INSPIRE].
D. Banerjee et al., Dark matter search in missing energy events with NA64, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 (2019) 121801 [arXiv:1906.00176] [INSPIRE].
A. Konaka et al., Search for Neutral Particles in Electron Beam Dump Experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 659 [INSPIRE].
E.M. Riordan et al., A Search for Short Lived Axions in an Electron Beam Dump Experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (1987) 755 [INSPIRE].
J.D. Bjorken et al., Search for Neutral Metastable Penetrating Particles Produced in the SLAC Beam Dump, Phys. Rev. D 38 (1988) 3375 [INSPIRE].
A. Bross et al., A Search for Shortlived Particles Produced in an Electron Beam Dump, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (1991) 2942 [INSPIRE].
M. Davier and H. Nguyen Ngoc, An Unambiguous Search for a Light Higgs Boson, Phys. Lett. B 229 (1989) 150 [INSPIRE].
T. Bringmann et al., DarkSUSY 6 : An Advanced Tool to Compute Dark Matter Properties Numerically, JCAP 07 (2018) 033 [arXiv:1802.03399] [INSPIRE].
Planck collaboration, Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters, Astron. Astrophys. 641 (2020) A6 [Erratum ibid. 652 (2021) C4] [arXiv:1807.06209] [INSPIRE].
L.J. Hall, K. Jedamzik, J. March-Russell and S.M. West, Freeze-In Production of FIMP Dark Matter, JHEP 03 (2010) 080 [arXiv:0911.1120] [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger et al., micrOMEGAs5.0 : Freeze-in, Comput. Phys. Commun. 231 (2018) 173 [arXiv:1801.03509] [INSPIRE].
A. Hryczuk and M. Laletin, Impact of dark matter self-scattering on its relic abundance, Phys. Rev. D 106 (2022) 023007 [arXiv:2204.07078] [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger, A. Mjallal and A. Pukhov, Recasting direct detection limits within micrOMEGAs and implication for non-standard Dark Matter scenarios, Eur. Phys. J. C 81 (2021) 239 [arXiv:2003.08621] [INSPIRE].
SuperCDMS collaboration, New Results from the Search for Low-Mass Weakly Interacting Massive Particles with the CDMS Low Ionization Threshold Experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 071301 [arXiv:1509.02448] [INSPIRE].
CRESST collaboration, Results on light dark matter particles with a low-threshold CRESST-II detector, Eur. Phys. J. C 76 (2016) 25 [arXiv:1509.01515] [INSPIRE].
CRESST collaboration, First results from the CRESST-III low-mass dark matter program, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 102002 [arXiv:1904.00498] [INSPIRE].
DarkSide collaboration, DarkSide-50 532-day Dark Matter Search with Low-Radioactivity Argon, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 102006 [arXiv:1802.07198] [INSPIRE].
LUX collaboration, Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 021303 [arXiv:1608.07648] [INSPIRE].
PICO collaboration, Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60 C3F8 Bubble Chamber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 251301 [arXiv:1702.07666] [INSPIRE].
PICO collaboration, Dark Matter Search Results from the Complete Exposure of the PICO-60 C3F8 Bubble Chamber, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 022001 [arXiv:1902.04031] [INSPIRE].
PandaX-II collaboration, Dark Matter Results from First 98.7 Days of Data from the PandaX-II Experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 121303 [arXiv:1607.07400] [INSPIRE].
PandaX-II collaboration, Dark Matter Results From 54-Ton-Day Exposure of PandaX-II Experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 181302 [arXiv:1708.06917] [INSPIRE].
XENON collaboration, Dark Matter Search Results from a One Ton-Year Exposure of XENON1T, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 111302 [arXiv:1805.12562] [INSPIRE].
LZ collaboration, First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment, arXiv:2207.03764 [INSPIRE].
D. Hooper, D.P. Finkbeiner and G. Dobler, Possible evidence for dark matter annihilations from the excess microwave emission around the center of the Galaxy seen by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, Phys. Rev. D 76 (2007) 083012 [arXiv:0705.3655] [INSPIRE].
T. Sjöstrand, S. Mrenna and P.Z. Skands, A Brief Introduction to PYTHIA 8.1, Comput. Phys. Commun. 178 (2008) 852 [arXiv:0710.3820] [INSPIRE].
Fermi-LAT collaboration, Searching for Dark Matter Annihilation from Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with Six Years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 (2015) 231301 [arXiv:1503.02641] [INSPIRE].
A. Alloul et al., FeynRules 2.0 — A complete toolbox for tree-level phenomenology, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185 (2014) 2250 [arXiv:1310.1921] [INSPIRE].
C. Degrande, Automatic evaluation of UV and R2 terms for beyond the Standard Model Lagrangians: a proof-of-principle, Comput. Phys. Commun. 197 (2015) 239 [arXiv:1406.3030] [INSPIRE].
T. Hahn, Generating Feynman diagrams and amplitudes with FeynArts 3, Comput. Phys. Commun. 140 (2001) 418 [hep-ph/0012260] [INSPIRE].
B. Fuks and R. Ruiz, A comprehensive framework for studying W′ and Z′ bosons at hadron colliders with automated jet veto resummation, JHEP 05 (2017) 032 [arXiv:1701.05263] [INSPIRE].
T. Sjöstrand et al., An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2, Comput. Phys. Commun. 191 (2015) 159 [arXiv:1410.3012] [INSPIRE].
C. Bierlich et al., A comprehensive guide to the physics and usage of PYTHIA 8.3, arXiv:2203.11601 [LU-TP 22-16] [https://doi.org/10.21468/SciPostPhysCodeb.8] [INSPIRE].
DELPHES 3 collaboration, DELPHES 3, A modular framework for fast simulation of a generic collider experiment, JHEP 02 (2014) 057 [arXiv:1307.6346] [INSPIRE].
M. Cacciari, G.P. Salam and G. Soyez, FastJet User Manual, Eur. Phys. J. C 72 (2012) 1896 [arXiv:1111.6097] [INSPIRE].
M. Cacciari, G.P. Salam and G. Soyez, The anti-kt jet clustering algorithm, JHEP 04 (2008) 063 [arXiv:0802.1189] [INSPIRE].
A. Hocker et al., TMVA — Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis, physics/0703039 [CERN-OPEN-2007-007] [INSPIRE].
P. Speckmayer, A. Hocker, J. Stelzer and H. Voss, The toolkit for multivariate data analysis, TMVA 4, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 219 (2010) 032057 [INSPIRE].
I. Antcheva et al., ROOT: A C++ framework for petabyte data storage, statistical analysis and visualization, Comput. Phys. Commun. 180 (2009) 2499 [arXiv:1508.07749] [INSPIRE].
I. Antcheva et al., ROOT: A C++ framework for petabyte data storage, statistical analysis and visualization, Comput. Phys. Commun. 182 (2011) 1384 [INSPIRE].
J.L. Feng, I. Galon, F. Kling and S. Trojanowski, ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 035001 [arXiv:1708.09389] [INSPIRE].
A. Berlin and F. Kling, Inelastic Dark Matter at the LHC Lifetime Frontier: ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, CODEX-b, FASER, and MATHUSLA, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 015021 [arXiv:1810.01879] [INSPIRE].
L.A. Anchordoqui et al., The Forward Physics Facility: Sites, experiments, and physics potential, Phys. Rept. 968 (2022) 1 [arXiv:2109.10905] [INSPIRE].
J.L. Feng et al., The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC, J. Phys. G 50 (2023) 030501 [arXiv:2203.05090] [INSPIRE].
LHC Forward Physics Working Group collaboration, LHC Forward Physics, J. Phys. G 43 (2016) 110201 [arXiv:1611.05079] [INSPIRE].
F. Kling and S. Trojanowski, Forward experiment sensitivity estimator for the LHC and future hadron colliders, Phys. Rev. D 104 (2021) 035012 [arXiv:2105.07077] [INSPIRE].
FASER collaboration, Letter of Intent for FASER: ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC, arXiv:1811.10243 [CERN-LHCC-2018-030] [INSPIRE].
FASER collaboration, FASER’s physics reach for long-lived particles, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 095011 [arXiv:1811.12522] [INSPIRE].
FASER collaboration, Technical Proposal for FASER: ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC, arXiv:1812.09139 [CERN-LHCC-2018-036] [INSPIRE].
X. Cid Vidal et al., Report from Working Group 3: Beyond the Standard Model physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC, CERN Yellow Rep. Monogr. 7 (2019) 585 [arXiv:1812.07831] [INSPIRE].
E. Todesco and F. Zimmermann, Proceedings, EuCARD-AccNet-EuroLumi Workshop: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC10) Malta Republic of Malta, October 14–16 2010 [HE-LHC10] [INSPIRE].
, Physics at the FCC-hh, a 100 TeV pp collider, arXiv:1710.06353 [CERN-2017-003-M] [https://doi.org/10.23731/CYRM-2017-003] [INSPIRE].
Y.-D. Tsai, P. deNiverville and M.X. Liu, Dark Photon and Muon g − 2 Inspired Inelastic Dark Matter Models at the High-Energy Intensity Frontier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 (2021) 181801 [arXiv:1908.07525] [INSPIRE].
J. Blümlein and J. Brunner, New Exclusion Limits for Dark Gauge Forces from Beam-Dump Data, Phys. Lett. B 701 (2011) 155 [arXiv:1104.2747] [INSPIRE].
J. Blümlein and J. Brunner, New Exclusion Limits on Dark Gauge Forces from Proton Bremsstrahlung in Beam-Dump Data, Phys. Lett. B 731 (2014) 320 [arXiv:1311.3870] [INSPIRE].
S. Andreas, C. Niebuhr and A. Ringwald, New Limits on Hidden Photons from Past Electron Beam Dumps, Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 095019 [arXiv:1209.6083] [INSPIRE].
NA64 collaboration, Improved limits on a hypothetical X(16.7) boson and a dark photon decaying into e+e− pairs, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 071101 [arXiv:1912.11389] [INSPIRE].
NA48/2 collaboration, Search for the dark photon in π0 decays, Phys. Lett. B 746 (2015) 178 [arXiv:1504.00607] [INSPIRE].
HPS collaboration, The Heavy Photon Search beamline and its performance, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 859 (2017) 69 [arXiv:1612.07821] [INSPIRE].
Belle-II collaboration, The Belle II Physics Book, PTEP 2019 (2019) 123C01 [Erratum ibid. 2020 (2020) 029201] [arXiv:1808.10567] [INSPIRE].
SHiP collaboration, Sensitivity of the SHiP experiment to dark photons decaying to a pair of charged particles, Eur. Phys. J. C 81 (2021) 451 [arXiv:2011.05115] [INSPIRE].
A. Berlin, S. Gori, P. Schuster and N. Toro, Dark Sectors at the Fermilab SeaQuest Experiment, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 035011 [arXiv:1804.00661] [INSPIRE].
K. Asai et al., Chiral Z’ in FASER, FASER2, DUNE, and ILC beam dump experiments, Phys. Rev. D 106 (2022) 095033 [arXiv:2206.12676] [INSPIRE].
K. Cheung, C.J. Ouseph and T.C. Wang, Non-standard neutrino and Z’ interactions at the FASERν and the LHC, JHEP 12 (2021) 209 [arXiv:2111.08375] [INSPIRE].
K. Cheung and C.J. Ouseph, Sensitivities on dark photon from the forward physics experiments, JHEP 10 (2022) 196 [arXiv:2208.04523] [INSPIRE].
A. Das, P.S.B. Dev, Y. Hosotani and S. Mandal, Probing the minimal U(1)X model at future electron-positron colliders via fermion pair-production channels, Phys. Rev. D 105 (2022) 115030 [arXiv:2104.10902] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2212.01268
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Aboubrahim, A., Altakach, M.M., Klasen, M. et al. Combined constraints on dark photons and discovery prospects at the LHC and the Forward Physics Facility. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 182 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2023)182
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2023)182